Effect of Pore-Water Surface Tension on Tensile Strength of Unsaturated Sand

Jindal, Prateek; Sharma, Jitendra; Bashir, Rashid

doi:10.1007/s40098-016-0184-8

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…The increase in viscosity causes an increase in surface tension of solutions (Bai et al, 2012;Rodríguez et al, 2012), and the surface tension of the casting solution is related to the tensile strength. The increase in surface tension of the casting solution eventually increases the tensile strength of thin film samples (Jindal et al, 2016). The tensile strength of the obtained films ranged between 2-10 MPa, which is comparable to commercial low density polyethylene (LDPE) that is widely used as packaging of non-load goods (Szlachetka et al, 2021).…”

Section: Tensile Strengthmentioning

confidence: 78%

Biobased plastic films from cogon grass cellulose

Soloi,

Teng,

Sarjadi

et al. 2023

SEHS

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The study of using natural resources such as cellulose as an alternative to synthetic polymers for manufacturing biobased plastic packaging is currently on going amongst numerous researchers to achieve sustainable goals as well as the need to replace petroleum feedstock that are getting depleted by years. Cogon grass is one of the most problematic grasses globally, and it has been observed that cogon grass grows abundantly along the roadside and open areas in Malaysia. Since the said grass is high in cellulose content (64%) it is a suitable candidate for raw material in manufacturing biobased plastics. Hence, the objective of this study was to produce a thin biobased film from cogon grass cellulose. In this study, cogon grass cellulose was extracted using sodium hydroxide before being acetylated to yield cellulose acetate (CA). Solvent casting with dichloromethane (DCM) was performed on the synthesized CA to produce a biobased thin film with different CA concentrations (1%–5%) to study the properties of the thin films. The film with 5% CA had the highest tensile strength (10 MPa). The surface morphology of the thin film was smooth, even and homogenous indicating that the acetylation process during cellulose acetate formation successfully occurred and that the DCM used can penetrate the cellulosic fibre very well.

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Section: Tensile Strengthmentioning

confidence: 78%

Biobased plastic films from cogon grass cellulose

Soloi,

Teng,

Sarjadi

et al. 2023

SEHS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Future pure water infiltration events might lead to the formation of additional SCIFF regions, which would cause water to move quickly and vertically while reducing the water availability in the root zone [28,30]. Moreover, mechanical properties of the unsaturated soils can also change due to the presence of surfactants [6]; for example, there is evidence in literature that butanol causes reductions in the tensile strength of the soils [76].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Experiments for Surfactant Infiltration in the Vadose Zone to Demonstrate Concentration-Dependent Capillarity, Viscosity, and Sorption Characteristics

Boduroglu

Bashir

2023

Geosciences

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Surfactants (i.e., solutes that reduce the surface tension of water) exist in the subsurface either naturally or are introduced to the subsurface due to anthropogenic activities (e.g., agricultural purposes, environmental remediation strategies). Surfactant-induced changes in surface tension, contact angle, density, and viscosity alter the water retention and conduction properties of the vadose zone. This research numerically investigates the effects of surfactants in the vadose zone by comparing the flow and transport of three different surfactant solutions, namely butanol, ethanol, and Triton X-100. For each surfactant case, surfactant-specific concentration-dependent surface tension, contact angle, density, and viscosity relationships were incorporated by modifying a finite element unsaturated flow and transport code. The modified code was used to simulate surfactant infiltration in the vadose zone at residual state under intermittent boundary conditions. The modelling results show that all three surfactant solutions led to unique and noteworthy differences in comparison to the infiltration of pure water containing a conservative tracer. Results indicate that surfactant infiltrations led to complex patterns with reduced vertical movement and enhanced horizontal spreading, which are a function of concentration-dependent surface tension, density, contact angle, viscosity and sorption characteristics. The findings of this research will help understanding the effects of surfactant presence in the subsurface on unsaturated flow and its possible links to future environmental problems.

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“…Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid Due to climate change and increasing population, water pollution and freshwater scarcity will continue to be the most significant problems of our time [51] and the effects of surfactant accumulation in the subsurface will be more and more critical in the future [52]. Besides surfactants' adverse effects on plant health [37] and natural ecosystems [53] and their possible contribution to soil hydrophobicity [21], researchers also report changes in the mechanical properties of soil in the presence of surfactants, such as reductions in tensile strength [54]. Considering the above-mentioned points, it is striking to see that current literature on the fate of surfactants and their effects on flow and transport in the subsurface is very limited.…”

Section: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (Pfas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Capillary Rise Experiments for Surface-Active Solutes in the Subsurface

Boduroglu

Bashir

2022

Geotechnics

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Surface-active solutes that exist in the subsurface either naturally (humic acid) or as a result of anthropogenic activities (alcohols, surfactants, PFAS) alter the hydraulic and geotechnical properties of the unsaturated porous media. The alteration of properties is the result of concentration-dependent surface tension, and/or density, and the contact angle effects. These effects are manifested in the form of changes in water retention and conduction and changes in the suction component of the shear strength. Differences in the spatial distribution of these solutes in the subsurface result in capillary pressure gradients causing flow perturbations. Conceptual and numerical models to understand the effects of these solutes require concentration-dependent consideration of surface tension, density, and the contact angle effects on hydraulic and geotechnical properties of porous media. Capillary rise experiments have been carried out to either quantify the effect of surface-active solutes on the height of capillary rise or to determine the concentration-dependent contact angle changes due to salinity of the pore water. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on capillary rise experiments and how they can potentially be used to characterize the hydraulic and geotechnical properties of unsaturated porous media affected by surface-active solutes.

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Effect of Pore-Water Surface Tension on Tensile Strength of Unsaturated Sand

Cited by 13 publications

References 71 publications

Biobased plastic films from cogon grass cellulose

Biobased plastic films from cogon grass cellulose

Numerical Experiments for Surfactant Infiltration in the Vadose Zone to Demonstrate Concentration-Dependent Capillarity, Viscosity, and Sorption Characteristics

Review of Capillary Rise Experiments for Surface-Active Solutes in the Subsurface

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