Pendidikan Islam Multikultural : Analisis Historis Masa Dinasti Abbasiyah

Abstract

ABSTRAKMultikulturalisme merupakan pengakuan terhadap keragaman yang ada dalam masyarakat. Indonesia merupakan negara yang multi kultur, multi etnis, juga multi agama. Meskipun demikian seakan masyarakat Indonesia kurang kesadaran dan kemampuan dalam mengelola keragaman dengan baik. Sehingga konflik dengan latarbelakang perbedaan tersebut banyak terjadi. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengkaji konsep dasar pendidikan multiktural dengan analisis historis pada masa dinasti Abbasiyah dan mengkaji model pendidikan Islam multikultural pada masa Abbasiyah yang dapat diteladani dan diimplementasikan pada masa sekarang. Penelitian ini mengkaji konsep pendidikan Islam multikultural pada masa Dinasti Abbasiyah, yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan deskriptif berbentuk studi pustaka dengan teknik content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa multikulturalisme pada masa Dinasti Abbasiyah mulai berkembang karena khalifahnya memiliki keterbukaan akan keragaman, khususnya pada masa Harun al-Rasyid dan puncaknya pada masa al-Ma’mun. Penerapan pendidikan Islam multikultural pada lembaga Bayt al-Hikmah bersifat eksternal dan umum sedangkan di luar Bayt al-Hikmah bersifat internal dan khusus. Selanjutnya kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, multikulturalisme pada masa Dinasti Abbasiyah mulai berkembang, hal ini karena keterbukaan khalifah dalam menerima kebudayaan di luar Arab juga peran dari masyarakatnya. Selanjutnya pendidikan Islam multikultural masa dinasti Abbasiyah meliputi aspek kelembagaan, pendidik dan metode terbukti berhasil menanamkan nilai-nilai multikultural dan membawa Islam pada puncak kejayaan. ABSTRACTMulticulturalism can be considered an acknowledgment of the diversity that exists in society. Indonesia is a multicultural, multi-ethnic, and multi-religious country. Even so, it seems that the Indonesian people lack proper awareness and ability to manage this diversity as some conflicts from these differences still occur. This study aims to examine the basic concepts of multicultural education with historical analysis during the Abbasid dynasty and the model of multicultural Islamic education during the Abbasid period that can be imitated and implemented today. This study examines the concept of multiculturalism in Islamic education during the Abbasid dynasty, which was carried out using a descriptive approach in the form of literature studies and content analysis techniques. Multiculturalism during the Abbasid dynasty began to develop because the Khalifah was open to diversity, especially during the era of Harun al-Rasyid and at its peak during the era of al-Ma'mun. The application of multiculturalism in Islamic education at the Bayt al-Hikmah institution was external and general, while multiculturalism education outside Bayt al-Hikmah was internal and more specific. Furthermore, the conclusion of this study shows that multiculturalism during the Abbasid dynasty began to develop because of the caliph's openness in accepting cultures outside of Arabia and the role of the community. Furthermore, multicultural Islamic education during the Abbasid dynasty includes aspects of institutions, educators, and methods that have proven successful in instilling multicultural values and bringing Islam to its peak of glory.

Religious Moderation in Indonesian Context

“…They exchanged ideas on matters of creed and comparative religion. Each of them could present their arguments and explain their opinions freely (Hasanah & Verawati, 2022). The role of the caliph was not limited to legalizing the exchange of opinions, but encouraged and facilitated it, and participated in the exchange of opinions.…”