Pemuliaan Mutasi untuk Perbaikan terhadap Umur dan Produktivitas pada Kedelai

Abstract

<p>To support the government policy in<br />improving soybean production, it is suggested to plant early<br />maturing (<80 days), drought tolerant and high yielding<br />varieties to be applied in the cropping system of rice-ricesoybean<br />and rice-rice-rice-soybean in lowland, and in<br />dryland cropping system of rice-soybean or rice-other<br />palawija crops. Mutation breeding in soybean for early<br />maturity and high productivity in soybean can be applied to<br />obtain some new varieties. The breeding procedures<br />included selection using bulk method for M1 population,<br />followed by the pedigree method for M2-M5 generations.<br />Evaluation of uniformity (homozygous) of lines is done on<br />the M4 generation. Yield and adaption testing are conducted<br />during M5-M8 generations. Through mutation breeding early<br />maturity soybean varieties were released elsewhere. In<br />national research institutes such as The National Nuclear<br />Energy Agency (Batan) Indonesia, soybean mutation breeding<br />activities were begun since 1972, while in Indonesian<br />Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic<br />Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD), it<br />was started in 2009. Batan has released two early maturing<br />soybean varieties through seed irradiation such as Tengger<br />in 1991 and Meratus in 1998. While in 2011 ICABIOGRAD<br />through irradiation of calli-derived embryo zygotic has<br />selected 50 early maturing and potentially yielding soybean<br />mutant lines. While through seed irradiation in 2012, 15<br />soybean advanced lines that matured earlier and<br />demontrated higher yield were also obtained.</p>

Induksi Mutasi Monstera adansonii untuk Menghasilkan Variegata Secara Ex Vitro

“…Mutasi yang disebabkan oleh mutagen kimia sangatlah beragam efeknya, seperti perubahan pasangan basa nitrogen yang menganggu kerja gen penyandi warna daun sehingga terjadi perubahan warna. Dampak perubahan sifat dan karakter tanaman oleh mutasi adalah terjadinya variasi percepatan pertumbuhan tunas maupun variasi morfologi pada tanaman (Asadi, 2013).…”

Pendugaan Parameter Genetik Beberapa Genotipe Cabai Toleran pada Lahan Gambut

“…Permasalahan pada lahan gambut mengakibatkan tidak maksimalnya pemanfaatan lahan gambut untuk pertanian tanaman hortikultura dan kebutuhan cabai terus meningkat seiring tingginya laju pertumbuhan penduduk, sehingga Provinsi Riau saat ini belum bisa mencukupi permintaan pasar yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor antara lain belum ada varietas unggul lokal yang sesuai dengan agroklimat di Riau (Cahya et al, 2014). Cara untuk mendapatkan varietas unggul adalah dengan seleksi yaitu melalui parameter genetik diantaranya keragaman, heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik (Asadi, 2013).…”

Effect of Gamma Rays Irradiation and In Vitro Selection on Citrus nobilis (L.) ‘Siam Banyuwangi’ to Huanglongbing (HLB) Disease

“…These was because gamma rays radiation is ionizing radiation contributing to free radicals and subsequently causing damage or modification of chromosomes in plants. Gamma rays are absorbable by DNA, leading to spontaneous damage to DNA molecules (Asadi, 2013). The reduction of seed germination due to mutagenic treatments might be due to e damage in cell constituents at molecular level or at altered enzyme activity (Goyal & Khan, 2010).…”

“…The r-value is near to be 1, thus the correlation between the doses of Gamma irradiation to the percentage of embryo germination is significantly strong. Radio sensitivity is measured based on the lethal dose of 50 (LD50) value, causing the loss of 50% of the irradiated population (Asadi, 2013). LD50 becomes the parameters to establish an adequate irradiation dose and to induce mutation in plant breeding programs (Álvarez-Holguín et al, 2019).…”