Pemodelan Sebaran Sedimen Tersuspensi Dampak Penambangan Timah Di Perairan Bangka

Abstract

Pulau Bangka merupakan penambangan timah lepas pantai terbesar di Indonesia yang dilakukan oleh perusahan dan masyarakat, baik legal maupun ilegal. Hal ini menjadi mengkhawatirkan terutama akan dampaknya terhadap peningkatan sedimentasi, seperti wilayah Teluk Kelabat yang direncanakan menjadi kawasan konservasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kondisi hidro-oseanografi dan sebaran Total Suspended Solid (TSS) akibat penambangan timah di perairan Bangka terutama di Teluk Kelabat. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis pemodelan numerik dengan menggunakan software MIKE21 untuk memperoleh data hidro-oseanografi dan model sebaran TSS dengan sumber TSS dari tiap-tiap lokasi Izin Usaha Pertambangan (IUP) melalui modul Flow Model Flexibel Mesh (FM) dan Mud Transport (MT). Verifikasi hasil model diperoleh korelasi sebesar 0,9435 dengan Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) sebesar 0,1611 untuk pasang-surut. Tailing penambangan timah lepas pantai akan menyebabkan tingginya sebaran TSS di perairan Bangka, terutama aktivitas penambangan di perairan yang dangkal (<10 m) dan dekat pesisir (<2 mil). Sebaran TSS di perairan Bangka akan dominan terbawa ke arah Selat Bangka. Pada Teluk Kelabat, TSS bernilai sekitar 0-25 mg/L dan menyebar ke seluruh wilayah yang dapat mencapai radius sekitar 16 mil. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rekomendasi bagi stakeholder seperti penyusunan Rencana Zonasi Pesisir Dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil (RZWP3K) di Bangka Belitung.

Total suspended solid distribution as impact tin mining at surrounded Pangkalpinang seawater Bangka Island

“…TSS in Bangka Waters will generally flows to South direction. The case is similar to the result of this research [6]. The wave data from the ECMWF in Pangkalpinang waters is a significant wave height of 0-0.65 m and a wave period of 3.236-4.808 seconds.…”

“…This explains that the waves in the waters of Pangkalpinang are generated by the wind and are also influenced by the tides. Wave period of 1-15 seconds is included in the category of waves generated by the wind [6]. The wave rose image shows the direction of the waves that occur in Pangkalpinang waters dominated by the 0.3-0.6 meters wave height which come from Southeast direction with the event probability around 35%.…”

“…Bangka Island is the largest tin producer in Indonesia. Therefore, the government has always been in the spotlight, especially in tin mining in 2000 the public, unconventional tin mining (TI) has become increasingly widespread and uncontrollable in the land area until the location for TI was getting less [6,7,8]. The mining activity was performed on land and offshore area which affect the shoreline.…”

Unveiling the Diversity of Bangka Island’s Mangroves: A Baseline for Effective Conservation and Restoration

“…The coastal areas of Bangka Island exhibit current velocities ranging from 0 to 0.6 m/s [90], which are slightly higher compared to the Bangka Strait, whose velocities range from 0 to 0.452 m/s [91]. Notably, research from [92] demonstrates that these currents can disperse particles within a radius of 16 miles. Given this understanding, it is reasonable to infer that mangrove propagules can be carried by ocean currents to various parts of Bangka Island over a distance similar to these particles; yet, there is not a homogeneous composition along Bangka's coastline, nor does the range of every species cover the entire coast (where mangroves are present).…”