PEM water electrolysis: Innovative approaches towards catalyst separation, recovery and recycling

Carmo, Marcelo; Keeley, Gareth P.; Holtz, Daniel; Grube, Thomas; Robinius, Martin; Müller, Martin; Stolten, Detlef

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.030

Cited by 70 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Recently, more sustainable and mild Pt recycling methods as selective electrochemical dissolution, bio-leaching, transient dissolution, acid process, or alcohol solvent process are extensively being investigated. These alternative technologies are cleaner, portable, require lower initial economic investment and fit better with the future uses of Pt like PEMFCs and other catalytic processes in the industry that allow, unlike VCCs, a high recovery rate of Pt without degrading completely the support material of the catalytic infrastructure [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum Recovery Techniques for a Circular Economy

et al. 2021

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Platinum and other metals are very scarce materials widely used in the energy and transportation sector among other sectors. Obtaining Platinum is becoming more difficult due to its scarcity on earth and because of the high amount of energy and water used for its extraction. In this regard, the recycling of platinum is necessary for sustainable technologies and for reaching a circular economy towards this expensive and rare metal. Conventional methods for platinum recycling make use of enormous amounts of energy for its recovery, which makes them not very attractive for industry implementation. Furthermore, these processes generate very toxic liquid streams and gas wastes that must be further treated, which do not meet the green environmental point of view of platinum recycling. Consequently, new advanced technologies are arising aiming to reach very high platinum recovery rates while being environmentally friendly and making a huge reduction of energy use compared with the conventional methods. In this review, conventional platinum recovery methods are summarized showing their limitations. Furthermore, new and promising approaches for platinum recovery are reviewed to shed light on about new and greener ways for a platinum circular economy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum Recovery Techniques for a Circular Economy

et al. 2021

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“…The gas diffusion elecrodes are prepared as described in Ref. [17][18][19] and for details we refer to this reference. In brief, Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon black with 20 and 60 wt% Pt were dissolved in water/propanol and mixed with PTFE (Dyneon TF5032Z, 24%) to an ink, which then was casted with a doctor blade technique onto a commercially available non-woven gas diffusion layer (GDL) with microporous layer (Freudenberg H2315C2), resulting in a catalyst loading of ≈1 mg/cm 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Cell Electrode Characterization Using Neutron Scattering

et al. 2020

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Electrochemical energy conversion and storage is key for the use of regenerative energies at large scale. A thorough understanding of the individual components, such as the ion conducting membrane and the electrode layers, can be obtained with scattering techniques on atomic to molecular length scales. The largely heterogeneous electrode layers of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells are studied in this work with small- and wide-angle neutron scattering at the same time with the iMATERIA diffractometer at the spallation neutron source at J-PARC, opening a view on structural properties on atomic to mesoscopic length scales. Recent results on the proton mobility from the same samples measured with backscattering spectroscopy are put into relation with the structural findings.

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“…The gas diffusion elecrodes are prepared as described in Ref. [11][12][13] and for details we refer to this reference. In brief, Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon with 20 and 60 wt% Pt were dissolved and mixed with PTFE as an ink, which then was casted with a doctor blade technique onto a commercially available gas diffusion layer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Cell Electrode Characterization Using Neutron Scattering

Holderer

Shviro

Lehnert

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Electrochemical energy conversion and storage is key for the use of regenerative energies at large scale. A thorough understanding of the individual components, such as the ion conducting membrane and the electrode layers, can be obtained with scattering techniques on atomit to molecular length scales. The largely heterogeneous electrode layers of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells are studied in this work with small- and wide-angle neutron scattering at the same time with the iMATERIA diffractometer at the spallation neutron source at J-PARC, opening a view on structural properties on atomic to mesoscopic length scales.

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PEM water electrolysis: Innovative approaches towards catalyst separation, recovery and recycling

Cited by 70 publications

References 14 publications

Platinum Recovery Techniques for a Circular Economy

Platinum Recovery Techniques for a Circular Economy

Fuel Cell Electrode Characterization Using Neutron Scattering

Fuel Cell Electrode Characterization Using Neutron Scattering

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