Pelvic neoplasms in children

Abstract

The pelvis of the infant and child has different anatomic relationships than the adolescent or adult pelvis, and the knowledge of congenital anomalies of the rectum and bladder can assist in treating the primary neoplasms of the pelvis. The most common neoplasms are rhabdomyosarcomas of the bladder, prostate, and vagina; sacrococcygeal teratoma; and the germ cell tumors, including teratomas, endodermal sinus tumors, and the choriocarcinomas. Rapidly improving chemotherapy for all of these lesions has resulted in a changed role for the surgeon. Less radical resection of these tumors is being performed whereas it is necessary to have more precise histologic and genetic identification of the tumor and the specific anatomic location and extent of the tumor in the pelvis. Survival for all types of childhood pelvic neoplasms has improved dramatically under the influence of the combined children's cancer study groups, which have been functioning for the last 20 years. Because of the complexities of diagnosis and treatment of these pelvic neoplasms in childhood and because the survival rates have dramatically improved with the most current therapy, these children should be cared for in a children's center that is part of the major children's cancer study groups.

Management of stage I cervical sarcoma botryoides in childhood and adolescence

“…In early childhood and young adolescence, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common neoplasm of the lower female genital tract, particularly of the vagina [2,6,15,27,32]. It accounts for 4% to 6% of all malignancies in this age group.…”

Treatment modalities of bladder/prostate rhabdomyosarcoma: a review

“…Noteworthy, of the 90 patients achieving CR, 26 were made tumor free by SLS resection. 4,18 In IRS I-III, it is worth mentioning that patients who relapsed would usually undergo radical surgery. 34 Hays noted that in both IRS II and III there was a trial of delayed partial cystectomy in seven patients.…”

“…17 Clinically, there is a similar presentation whether the tumor is of bladder or prostate origin: 10 lesions may manifest as urinary tract obstruction, hematuria, or abdominal mass. 8,18 Often it is clinically difficult to distinguish between whether the tumor is prostate or a bladder primary. 8,18,19 At the time of clinical presentation, the tumor is usually larger than 5 cm, 18,20,21 and is often invasive of surrounding tissue.…”

Reconstruction of a pelvic floor defect using a pedicled tensor fascia lata flap: a new technique to prevent radiation injury for pediatric patients with advanced pelvic tumors

“…[1][2][3] In some instances of advanced or recurrent tumors, a wide resection of both the tumor and the affected pelvic organs is required, which unavoidably results in defects of the pelvic floor.…”