Pediatric nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Long term follow-up of 29 patients

Pao, William; Hustu, H. Omar; Douglass, Edwin C.; Beckford, Neal S.; Kun, Larry E.

doi:10.1016/0360-3016(89)90443-4

Cited by 77 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The use of chemotherapy in combination with radiation therapy in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been introduced in an attempt to reduce locoregional tumoral failure rates and systemic failure rates observed in patients with locoregionally advanced disease treated with radiation therapy alone, despite improved initial locoregional tumoral response rates [10][11][12][17][18][19]43,45]. Although the most effective chemotherapy regimens to be used and their proper timing with radiation therapy remain to be determined [46], improved locoregional tumoral response rates, reduced locoregional tumoral failure rates, and reduced systemic failure rates [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] as well as improved overall and progression-free survival [48] have been reported with cisplatincontaining neoadjuvant and concurrent combination chemotherapy regimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood and adolescence

Serin

Erkal

Elhan

et al. 1998

Med. Pediatr. Oncol.

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Background This study reviews the authors' experience from 1979 through 1996 in the management and outcome of 56 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were under 20 years of age. Procedure There were 33 males and 23 females, their ages ranging from 7 to 19 years (median: 16 years). Forty patients had World Health Organization type III carcinomas, 16 had T4 tumors, 41 had metastatic cervical lymph nodes, and 50 were at stage III or stage IV. Thirty‐two patients were treated with radiation therapy alone and 24 with the addition of chemotherapy. Cumulative radiation dose to the primary tumor ranged from 18 to 70 Gy (median: 66 Gy) and radiation dose to metastatic cervical lymph nodes ranged from 18 to 70 Gy (median: 66 Gy). Results Follow‐up ranged from 0.1 to 16.8 years (mean: 9 years). Locoregional tumoral complete response was achieved in 49 patients. Locoregional tumoral failure was observed in 12 patients and systemic failure in 11. Overall, locoregional failure‐free, metastases‐free, and disease‐free survival rates at 5 years were 49%, 62%, 79%, and 47%, respectively, for the entire group of patients, 42%, 61%, 72%, and 42%, respectively, for patients treated with radiation therapy alone, and 58%, 63%, 87%, and 54%, respectively, for patients treated with the addition of chemotherapy. Advanced T‐stage and lower radiation doses worsened locoregional failure‐free survival, whereas advanced N‐stage and exclusion of chemotherapy worsened metastases‐free survival. Conclusions In children and adolescents with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, radiation therapy alone results in an improved locoregional tumoral response rate and a reduced locoregional tumoral failure rate at higher radiation doses, while the addition of chemotherapy results in a reduced systemic failure rate. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 31:498–505, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood and adolescence

Serin

Erkal

Elhan

et al. 1998

Med. Pediatr. Oncol.

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“…Nearly all of the series were retrospective analyses, with small numbers of patients who were assessed for long periods and were treated on different schedules 10,11,[23][24][25][26] For many years, radiotherapy was the mainstream of treatment for patients with these tumors. However, locoregional and distant control rates are poor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐dose‐rate brachytherapy as part of a multidisciplinary treatment of nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma in childhood

Nakamura

Novaes

Antoneli

et al. 2005

Cancer

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Neuropeptide‐containing hippocampal interneurons and dentate granule cell inhibition were investigated at different periods following electrical stimulation‐induced, self‐sustaining status epilepticus (SE) in rats. Immunohistochemistry for somatostatin (SOM), neuropeptide Y (NPY), parvalbumin (PV), cholecystokinin (CCK), and Fluoro‐Jade B was performed on sections from hippocampus contralateral to the stimulated side and studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Compared to paired age‐matched control animals, there were fewer SOM and NPY‐immunoreactive (IR) interneurons in the hilus of the dentate gyrus in animals with epilepsy (40–60 days after SE), and 1, 3, and 7 days following SE. In the hilus of animals that had recently undergone SE, some SOM‐IR and NPY‐IR interneurons also stained for Fluoro‐Jade B. Furthermore, there was electron microscopic evidence of the degeneration of SOM‐IR interneurons following SE. In contrast, the number of CCK and PV‐IR basket cells in epileptic animals was similar to that in controls, although it was transiently diminished following SE; there was no evidence of degeneration of CCK or PV‐IR interneurons. Patch‐clamp recordings revealed a diminished frequency of inhibitory postsynaptic currents in dentate granule cells (DGCs) recorded from epileptic animals and animals that had recently undergone SE compared with controls. These results confirm the selective vulnerability of a particular subset of dentate hilar interneurons after prolonged SE. This loss may contribute to the reduced GABAergic synaptic inhibition of granule cells in epileptic animals. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:876–893, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…Although NPC present mostly in the fourth to fifth decade, the classic age incidence graph is bimodal, with an initial peak in 15-25 years of age [1,[6][7][8][9]. The undifferentiated carcinoma (World Health Organization Type III) is the most common histologic type seen in the young, mainly associated with advanced locoregional disease at presentation and a higher distant metastasis prevalence [2,3,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Nasopharyngeal cancers comprise approximately 1% of all childhood cancers and 40-50% of all malignancies involving the nasopharynx in children [1][2][3]. As the racial and geographic factors alter the incidence of pediatric nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) to a great extent, in areas such as North Africa and the Mediterranean basin, up to 17% of nasopharynx cancer cases occur in children [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%