Pediatric Falls From Heights

Musemeche, Catherine A.; Barthel, Martha J.; Cosentino, Catherine

doi:10.1097/01241398-199205000-00071

Cited by 16 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…24 Voluntary ordinances recommending window guards generally have had disappointing results, and building codes requiring them are not easily enforced. 3,8,12 In 2006, the International Building Code recommended that windows Ͼ6 ft from the ground on the building exterior have a window sill at least 24 inches from the floor in the building interior. 25 As this is implemented in newer homes, this may affect future rates of window falls among young children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,[3][4][5][6]8,9,[11][12][13]16 There was seasonal variation, with more window falls during the spring and summer months. The rate of injury among younger children (0 -4 years of age) was greater than that among older children (5-17 years of age), and younger children were more likely to sustain serious injuries, as demonstrated by their increased risk of hospitalization or death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children living in high-density, multifamily, housing structures and high-rise buildings were thought to be at greater risk of serious injury resulting from window falls. 2,7,8,10,11 Morerecent studies showed that these injuries occur throughout the nation, in both urban and suburban settings in such metropolitan areas as Dallas, Texas, Los Angeles, California, and Cincinnati, Ohio. 1,[3][4][5]12,13 Most of those studies drew similar conclusions, that is, preschool-aged children have the highest risk of falling, boys fall more frequently than girls, window falls have high morbidity rates, and falls demonstrate seasonal trends, with peaks during warmer months.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,[3][4][5]12,13 Most of those studies drew similar conclusions, that is, preschool-aged children have the highest risk of falling, boys fall more frequently than girls, window falls have high morbidity rates, and falls demonstrate seasonal trends, with peaks during warmer months. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][10][11][12][13][15][16][17] The studies generally have been limited to 1 hospital or 1 city/metropolitan area. A national epidemiological study on pediatric falls from buildings and structures, based on a data sample from 27 states, was published in 2005.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Initial studies were performed with large urban populations, primarily in New York, New York, and Chicago, Illinois. Children living in high-density, multifamily, housing structures and high-rise buildings were thought to be at greater risk of serious injury resulting from window falls.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pediatric Injuries Attributable to Falls From Windows in the United States in 1990–2008

2011

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Preschool-aged children have the highest risk of falling from windows, boys fall more frequently than girls, and the number of falls from windows peaks during warmer months. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study is the first to use a nationally representative sample of children treated in US hospital emergency departments, over a 19-year period, to identify risk factors and trends for pediatric window fall-related injuries.abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine the epidemiological features of pediatric injuries related to falls from windows. METHODS:By using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, emergency department (ED) data for pediatric injury cases associated with window falls in 1990 -2008 were reviewed. RESULTS:An estimated 98 415 children (95% confidence interval [CI]: 82 416 -114 419) were treated in US hospital EDs for window fallrelated injuries during the 19-year study period (average: 5180 patients per year [95% CI: 4828 -5531]). The mean age of children was 5.1 years, and boys accounted for 58.1% of cases. One-fourth (25.4%) of the patients required admission to the hospital. The annual injury rate decreased significantly during the study period because of a decrease in the annual injury rate among 0-to 4-year-old children. Children 0 to 4 years of age were more likely to sustain head injuries (injury proportion ratio [IPR] CONCLUSIONS:To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate window fall-related injuries treated in US hospital EDs by using a nationally representative sample. These injuries are an important pediatric public health problem, and increased prevention efforts are needed, including development and evaluation of innovative prevention programs. Pediatrics 2011;128:455-462

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Pediatric Injuries Attributable to Falls From Windows in the United States in 1990–2008

2011

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Injury to the Immature Skeleton

2000

Skeletal Injury in the Child

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Finite element model predictions of intracranial hemorrhage from non‐impact, rapid head rotations in the piglet

Coats

Eucker²,

Sullivan³

et al. 2012

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Clinicians are charged with the significant task of distinguishing between accidental and inflicted head trauma. Oftentimes this distinction is straightforward, but many times probabilities of injuries from accidental scenarios are unknown making the differential diagnosis difficult. For example, it is unknown whether intracranial hemorrhage (IH) can occur at a location other than a focal contact site following a low height fall. To create a foundation for predicting regional IH in infants, we sought to identify the biomechanical response and injury threshold best able to predict IH in 3–5 day old piglets. First, finite element (FE) model simulations of in situ animal studies were performed to ascertain the optimal representation of the pia-arachnoid complex, cerebrospinal fluid and cortical vasculature (PCC) for predicting brain strain and brain/skull displacement. Second, rapid head rotations resulting in various degrees of IH were simulated (n=24) to determine the biomechanical predictor and injury threshold most closely correlated with IH. FE models representing the PCC with either spring connectors or solid elements between the brain and skull resulted in peak brain strain and brain/skull displacement similar to measured values in situ. However, when predicting IH, the spring connector representation of the PCC had the best predictive capability for IH with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 85% when ≥ 1% of all spring connectors had at least a peak strain of 0.31 mm/mm. These findings and reported methodology will be used in the development of a human infant FE model to simulate real-world falls and identify injury thresholds for predicting IH in infants.

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Pediatric Falls From Heights

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Pediatric Injuries Attributable to Falls From Windows in the United States in 1990–2008

Pediatric Injuries Attributable to Falls From Windows in the United States in 1990–2008

Injury to the Immature Skeleton

Finite element model predictions of intracranial hemorrhage from non‐impact, rapid head rotations in the piglet

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