PECVD Synthesis of Vertically-Oriented Graphene: Mechanism and Plasma Sources

Chen, Junhong; Bo, Zheng; Lu, Ganhua

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15302-5_3

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Besides the fact that it possesses extraordinary properties of ordinary graphene, VG itself also has unique properties of high specific surface area, mechanical stability, open reactive graphene edges, easy functionalization, and special optical, thermal, and electrical properties. − Due to these properties, VG has a high potential in a wide range of applications. It has caught a lot of interest in various sectors such as field emission, gas- and bio-sensors, blackbody coating, spintronics, and so forth. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Mechanism for Vertical Graphene Growth by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Sun

Rattanasawatesun

Tang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Vertically oriented graphene (VG) has attracted attention for years, but the growth mechanism is still not fully revealed. The electric field may play a role, but the direct evidence and exactly what role it plays remains unclear. Here, we conduct a systematic study and find that in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, the VG growth preferably occurs at spots where the local field is stronger, for example, at GaN nanowire tips. On almost round-shaped nanoparticles, instead of being perpendicular to the substrate, the VG grows along the field direction, that is, perpendicular to the particles' local surfaces. Even more convincingly, the sheath field is screened to different degrees, and a direct correlation between the field strength and the VG growth is observed. Numerical calculation suggests that during the growth, the field helps accumulate charges on graphene, which eventually changes the cohesive graphene layers into separate three-dimensional VG flakes. Furthermore, the field helps attract charged precursors to places sticking out from the substrate and makes them even sharper and turn into VG. Finally, we demonstrate that the VG-covered nanoparticles are benign to human blood leukocytes and could be considered for drug delivery. Our research may serve as a starting point for further vertical two-dimensional material growth mechanism studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Mechanism for Vertical Graphene Growth by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Sun

Rattanasawatesun

Tang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The earliest report on this material can be traced back to 1997, when Ando found petal-like “carbon roses” during the fabrication of carbon nanotubes . Multiple names, such as vertical graphene nanosheet, vertically oriented graphene, carbon nanowalls, carbon nanoflakes, carbon nanosheets, edge-oriented graphene, vertically aligned few-layered graphene nanoflakes, free-standing subnanometer graphite sheets, vertically stacked graphene networks, vertically aligned graphene nanosheet arrays, etc., have been historically used to refer to this class of materials by different research groups. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Vertical Graphene and its Applications

Zheng

Zhao

2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Vertical graphene (VG) is a thin-film complex material featuring hierarchical microstructures: graphene-containing carbon nanosheets growing vertically on its deposition substrate, few-layer graphene basal layers, and chemically active atomistic defect sites and edges. Thanks to the fundamental characteristics of graphene materials, e.g. excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, chemical stability, and large specific surface area, VG materials have been successfully implemented into various niche applications which are strongly associated with their unique morphology. The microstructure of VG materials can be tuned by modifying growth methods and the parameters of growth processes. Multiple growth processes have been developed to address faster, safer, and mass production methods of VG materials, as well as accommodating various applications. VG's successful applications include field emission, supercapacitors, fuel cells, batteries, gas sensors, biochemical sensors, electrochemical analysis, strain sensors, wearable electronics, photo trapping, terahertz emission, etc. Research topics on VG have been more diversified in recent years, indicating extensive attention from the research community and great commercial value. In this review article, VG's morphology is briefly reviewed, and then various growth processes are discussed from the perspective of plasma science. After that, the most recent progress in its applications and related sciences and technologies are discussed.

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“…The free-standing, self-supported rigid structure of vertically-oriented graphene sheets prevents collapse and/or the random stacking of graphene nanosheets associated with strong van der Waals interactions. Such a mechanically-stable, non-agglomerated morphology ensures high specific surface area (or surface-to-volume ratio), long reactive edges, and abundant open channels between the sheets [ 14 ]. These graphene networks can serve as platforms for highly-sensitive and selective field-effect transistor biosensors [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Precursor on Antifouling Efficacy of Vertically-Oriented Graphene Nanosheets

et al. 2017

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Antifouling efficacy of graphene nanowalls, i.e., substrate-bound vertically-oriented graphene nanosheets, has been demonstrated against biofilm-forming Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Where graphene nanowalls are typically prepared using costly high-temperature synthesis from high-purity carbon precursors, large-scale applications demand efficient, low-cost processes. The advancement of plasma enabled synthesis techniques in the production of nanomaterials has opened a novel and effective method for converting low-cost natural waste resources to produce nanomaterials with a wide range of applications. Through this work, we report the rapid reforming of sugarcane bagasse, a low-value by-product from sugarcane industry, into high-quality vertically-oriented graphene nanosheets at a relatively low temperature of 400 °C. Electron microscopy showed that graphene nanowalls fabricated from methane were significantly more effective at preventing surface attachment of Gram-negative rod-shaped Escherichia coli compared to bagasse-derived graphene, with both surfaces showing antifouling efficacy comparable to copper. Attachment of Gram-positive coccal Staphylococcus aureus was lower on the surfaces of both types of graphene compared to that on copper, with bagasse-derived graphene being particularly effective. Toxicity to planktonic bacteria estimated as a reduction in colony-forming units as a result of sample exposure showed that both graphenes effectively retarded cell replication.

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PECVD Synthesis of Vertically-Oriented Graphene: Mechanism and Plasma Sources

Cited by 9 publications

References 56 publications

Insights into the Mechanism for Vertical Graphene Growth by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Insights into the Mechanism for Vertical Graphene Growth by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Review of Vertical Graphene and its Applications

Effect of Precursor on Antifouling Efficacy of Vertically-Oriented Graphene Nanosheets

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