Peculiarities of the Course Of Gestation and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with high frequency of obstetric complications, such as gestosis, polyhydramnios, urogenital infection, premature birth. An increase in the number of cases of detection of GDM in pregnant women living in Kazakhstan is noted recently. Objective. This research was carried out in order to see the influence of GDM on the course of the third trimester of pregnancy, outcomes and fetal status in women of Kazakh ethnic group. Research design. Cohort observational study. Subjects and Methods. The main group of research consisted of 61 pregnant women with GDM (Mean age = 32.8±6.314), the control group included 39 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (Mean age =30±5.432 years). The pregnant women in both groups were examined by calculation of body mass index (BMI), determination of fasting plasma glucose and the system of hemostasis. Also, the fetal ultrasound was implemented and the uterineplacental, fetal-placental blood flow were evaluated using the Doppler mode. Results. In the main group initial BMI was equal to Mean=31.1±7.433 kg/m 2 ; we revealed manifestation of gestational hypertension in 36.1%, 95%CI (2.52, 48.6); preeclampsia was diagnosed in 14.8% (95%CI (8; 25.7); the disorders of uteroplacental and fetoplacental blood flow recorded significantly more frequently in main group RR=6.393, 95%CI (1.581-25.840), like the diabetic fetopathy RR=5.115, 95%CI (1.240-21.033). The premature delivery, the prevalence of induction of delivery and intranatal trauma were significantly more frequent in women with GDM. Conclusions. GDM significantly worsens course of gestation.

Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century

“…At the moment, there are no statistically reliable data regarding the prevalence, guidelines and risk factors for GDM in women living in Kazakhstan [ 210 ].…”

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and the Development of Cleft Lip / Palate in Newborns

“…Preconceptional diabetes is a known risk factor for fetal congenital malformations, including oro-facial clefts (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). It is assumed that in the early stages of pregnancy, the harmful effect of hyperglycemia causes the more frequent occurrence of syndromes and malformations in gestational diabetes, as a direct effect of low control or lack of control during pregnancy.…”

Are the Factors Affecting Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Different in Obese Gestational Diabetes Pregnant Women Receiving Diet or Insulin Treatment?

“…Meiramova et al stated that pre-pregnancy BMI was higher, and gestational hypertension rate was higher in the GDM group compared to the control group. They also reported that the rate of cesarean section, birth induction, birth trauma, diabetic fetopathy were significantly higher in the GDM group compared to the control group, and the 5 th minute APGAR score of the newborn was substantially lower (20).…”