Pectin pentasaccharide from hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge. Var. major) ameliorates disorders of cholesterol metabolism in high-fat diet fed mice

Hypoglycemic effect of hawthorn in type II diabetes mellitus rat model

“…In our present study, the STZ‐administrated group showed increased blood glucose and blood serum levels of TC and TG, which are representative biomarkers for type II diabetes, indicating that the STZ‐induced type II diabetes rat model has been successfully developed. In the hawthorn treatment group, the blood glucose level and blood serum levels of TC and TG decreased noticeably (Figs ), suggesting the positive effect of hawthorn extract on T2DM …”

“…In the hawthorn treatment group, the blood glucose level and blood serum levels of TC and TG decreased noticeably (Figs 1-3), suggesting the positive effect of hawthorn extract on T2DM. 21 Insulin is an important hormone that regulates the amount of blood glucose levels and is required for the body to function normally. T2DM consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action and an inadequate insulin secretion.…”

Roles and Mechanisms of Hawthorn and Its Extracts on Atherosclerosis: A Review

“…Another line of research showed that pectin oligosaccharides and pectin hydrolysates fractionated from C. pinnatifida could restore unbalanced cholesterol metabolism and serum lipid overload in mice or hamsters that are fed a high-fat diet (HFD) (Li et al, 2010;Li et al, 2014;Zhu et al, 2015). This is specifically by the involvement of hepatic enzymes, such as glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), SREBP-2, phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP), cholesterol-7a-hydroxylase (Zhu et al, 2013;Li et al, 2014), and hepatic fatty acid oxidation-related enzyme activities of acyl-CoA oxidase, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (Li et al, 2013b), and these results are consistent with earlier reported data. For example, pectin pentaoligogalacturonide was shown to increase the expression of CYP7A1, bile salt export pump, but not the sodium-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (Zhu et al, 2017).…”

Effects of Feral Haw (Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE) Seed Extracts on the Antioxidant Activities

“…산사(Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE)는 장미과(Rosaceae)의 열 매로 단맛과 신맛이 나고 우리나라 및 중국, 일본에 자생하고 있는 붉은색의 열매로 예로부터 항비만, 소화기질환 등에 이 용되어 왔으며, 중국에서는 높은 pectin 함량으로 인하여 젤 리나 잼으로 만들어 먹기도 한다 [33,40]. 산사에 함유되어 있 는 성분으로는 fructose, glucose, mannose와 같은 유리당, citric acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, malic acid 등의 유기산 과 quercetin, caffeic acid, catechin, salicylic acid, hyricetin, gentisic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, narigin 등의 polyphenol 화합물이 있으며 [25,28], 약리 성분으로는 (-)-epicatechin, isoquercitrin, pyrogallol, protocatechuic acid, hyperoside 등이 알려져 있다 [18,29].…”