Pectenotoxin-2 seco acid: a toxin converted from pectenotoxin-2 by the New Zealand Greenshell mussel, Perna canaliculus

Suzuki, Toshiyuki; MacKenzie, Lincoln; Stirling, David; Adamson, Janet

doi:10.1016/s0041-0101(00)00153-7

Cited by 105 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The accumulation of the parent toxins avoiding bio-transformation that occur in shellfish such as the esterification of okadaic acid into 7-O-acyl Okadaic ester (Suzuki et al, 1999), the conversion of PTX2 into PTX2 seco-acid (Suzuki et al, 2001;Miles et al, 2004) and PTX2 seco-acid ester derivatives (Wilkins et al, 2006). Similarly, the oxidation of YTX into 45-hydroxy-YTX and carboxy-YTX can be avoided, thereby reducing the number of analytes to be considered in the analytical procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field and mesocosm trials on passive sampling for the study of adsorption and desorption behaviour of lipophilic toxins with a focus on OA and DTX1

et al. 2008

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Abstract:It has been demonstrated that polymeric resins can be used as receiving phase in passive samplers designed for the detection of lipophilic marine toxins at sea and was referred to as solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT). The present study describes the uptake and desorption behaviour of the lipophilic marine toxins okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) from Prorocentrum lima cultures by five styrene-divinylbenzene based polymeric resins Sepabeads ® SP850, Sepabeads ® SP825L, Amberlite ® XAD4, Dowex ® Optipore ® L-493 and Diaion ® HP-20. All resins accumulated OA and DTX1 from the P. lima culture with differences in adsorption rate and equilibrium rate. Following statistical evaluation, HP-20, SP850 and SP825L demonstrated similar adsorption rates. However, possibly due to its larger pore size, the HP-20 did not seem to reach equilibrium within 72 h exposure as opposed to the SP850 and SP825L. This was confirmed when the resins were immersed at sea for 1 week on the West Coast of Ireland. Furthermore, this work also presents a simple and efficient extraction method suitable to SPATT samplers exposed to artificial or natural culture media.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field and mesocosm trials on passive sampling for the study of adsorption and desorption behaviour of lipophilic toxins with a focus on OA and DTX1

et al. 2008

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“…It has been shown that many of the other PTXs such as PTX6 and PTX2 seco acid (PTX2sa) 54 are formed by metabolism of PTX2 in shellfish tissues. 38,[55][56][57] Several analytical methods for the determination of PTXs by LC-MS or LC-MS/MS are reported. + are applicable to quantification of the PTXs.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…63 PTX2sa was excluded from the toxin profiles because it does not respond in the mouse bioassay, 13 even though it was the dominant PTX analogue reported in Mytilus galloprovincialis contaminated by Dinophysis spp. 56 The standard deviation (SD) in each toxin profile was high because samples in each monitoring site were collected in different seasons through a year. There were no remarkable differences in the toxin profiles arising from Dinophysis (DTXs and PTXs) in the same shellfish species collected from different areas.…”

Section: Toxin Profile Of Bivalvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-MS/MS Analysis of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) Toxins, Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin Analogues, and Other Lipophilic Toxins

Suzuki

Quilliam

2011

ANAL. SCI.

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“…PTX2SA results from metabolic transformation of PTX2 within bivalve tissues (Suzuki et al 2001) as a kind of detoxification mechanism (Miles et al 2004b). However, PTX2SA may also be formed from PTX2 -released from live or lysed cells of Dinphysis acutatransformed by enzymes secreted by planktonic organisms.…”

Section: Toxin Release From Dinophysis Acuta Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, behaviour and cell toxin quota of Dinophysis acuta during a daily cycle

Pizarro

Escalera²,

González-Gil³

et al. 2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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), a high frequency of dead cells (up to 15%) and cells with starch granules (up to 93%), and no evidence of recent mixotrophic behaviour. Still, the cells, which did not perform vertical migration, aggregated around salinity-driven density discontinuities in the top 5 m and had a high cell toxin quota (determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) for this species. A 3.5-fold difference was found between maximum (during the night) and minimum values of cell toxin quota. Okadaic acid (OA) was the predominant toxin and changes in cell quota of different toxins showed different daily patterns in the content of okadaiates and pectenotoxins; thus, the toxin profile is influenced by the time of sampling. Dissolved toxins (adsorbed by resins in passive samplers from 8 to 14 November) also reached annual maxima and reflected the vertical distribution of D. acuta cells. These results emphasize the need to parameterize physiological conditions and behaviour of Dinophysis populations during different phases of the population growth and hydrodynamic scenarios.

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Pectenotoxin-2 seco acid: a toxin converted from pectenotoxin-2 by the New Zealand Greenshell mussel, Perna canaliculus

Cited by 105 publications

References 14 publications

Field and mesocosm trials on passive sampling for the study of adsorption and desorption behaviour of lipophilic toxins with a focus on OA and DTX1

Field and mesocosm trials on passive sampling for the study of adsorption and desorption behaviour of lipophilic toxins with a focus on OA and DTX1

LC-MS/MS Analysis of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) Toxins, Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin Analogues, and Other Lipophilic Toxins

Growth, behaviour and cell toxin quota of Dinophysis acuta during a daily cycle

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