Peces introducidos en el río Magdalena y cuencas vecinas, Colombia

Abstract

Hay 43 especies introducidas en Colombia, todas ellas presentes en la cuenca del río Magdalena y repartidas así: 13 especies trasplantadas de una cuenca a otra (5 órdenes, 8 familias), incluyendo una especie identificada a nivel de género y una variedad; 30 especies exóticas u originarias de otros continentes (6 órdenes, 9 familias), incluyendo un híbrido y una variedad creada ex situ. Todas las especies consideradas son de interés para la acuicultura, pesca comercial, pesca deportiva y ornamento-acuariofilia. Se hace un análisis comparativo del estatus actual de estas especies en relación al 2012, fecha en la cual se realizó la última evaluación de las introducciones y se muestra la distribución actual de estas especies. De acuerdo a esto, se registraron 13 introducciones nuevas (siete especies trasplantadas y seis especies exóticas), de las cuales en 12 especies (una trasplantada más 11 exóticas), se amplió la distribución geográfica, prueba de su dispersión posterior a 2012. En la actualidad se cultivan 15 especies introducidas: seis especies exóticas en 121 municipios y nueve trasplantadas en 92 municipios, la mayoría policultivos (varias especies). La falta de controles de seguridad en estas instalaciones de cultivo, más la liberación intencionada, siembras y escapes, son las razones que explican la distribución actual de gran parte de las especies.

Genetic insights into Cyphocharax magdalenae (Characiformes: Curimatidae): Microsatellite loci development and population analysis in the Cauca River, Colombia

“…As it has been proposed for other species [86], contamination with mining-derived products could be affecting the viability of C. magdalenae, which is supported by evidence of methylmercury in fishes collected in the zone [45]. Another threat is the establishment of introduced exotic species [11,90], such as Basa fish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, a omnivorous species of fast size and weight growth, and having extension in Colombia, mainly in the Magdalena-Cauca basin [90], and the Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, which has the capacity to survive in all types of habitats, from salty, marine waters to estuarine and continental waters with temperatures between 8 and 42˚C [90]. Despite the introduction of O. niloticus in Colombia was done with commercial purposes and control of Oreochromis mossambicus, an aggressive behavior against native species P. magdalenae has been displayed [91] and, after its introduction, there has been a reduction in the abundance of Triportheus magdalenae (Steindachner 1878) in the Guajaro reservoir in Magdalena [92].…”

“…magdalenae , which is supported by evidence of methylmercury in fishes collected in the zone [ 45 ]. Another threat is the establishment of introduced exotic species [ 11 , 90 ], such as Basa fish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus , a omnivorous species of fast size and weight growth, and having extension in Colombia, mainly in the Magdalena-Cauca basin [ 90 ], and the Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus , which has the capacity to survive in all types of habitats, from salty, marine waters to estuarine and continental waters with temperatures between 8 and 42°C [ 90 ]. Despite the introduction of O .…”

Distribution of diversity of fishes in an Andean fluvial network

“…The Magdalena basin is no exception, as aquatic ecosystems are among the most affected by human activity in Colombia (Angarita et al, 2018;Jiménez-Segura et al, 2016;Rodríguez, 2015). Threats such as fisheries pressure and non-native fish species have already been reported (Hernández Barrero et al, 2021;Lasso et al, 2020). Cattle farms and agriculture on the floodplains have reduced the area of the floodplain lakes and their connection with the river.…”

Trophic niche partitioning among non-native fish species coexisting in a high Andean reservoir

“…The adverse ecological effects that non-native species cause in the Magdalena River have been scarcely documented (Jiménez- Segura et al 2016). In this Andean region, introductions are related to anthropic activity and may occur accidentally or intentionally as a result of recreation, aquaculture, sport shing, biological control, river transposition (Lasso et al 2020), amongst other activities.…”

“…Then, the fragmentation of the rivers isolates the bodies of water and generates new environments allowing ecological and behavioral changes in the native species, besides physiological problems, loss of genetic diversity, and habitat deterioration (Arantes et (Vitule et al 2012). Other characteristics that increase a species' invasion potential are its reproductive strategies, prolonged life expectancy, physiological tolerance, a generalist feeding strategy, and trophic plasticity (Lasso et al 2020).…”