Pecan Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Emergence in a Range of Soil Types

Schraer, Stephen M.; Harris, Marvin K.; Jackman, John A.; Biggerstaff, Michael I.

doi:10.1093/ee/27.3.549

Cited by 8 publications

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“…, Schraer et al. ) and observational (Bonal et al. ), had already shown a positive relationship between precipitation and adult weevil abundance, with the need of a certain rainfall amount threshold to enhance their emergence (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In the two sites, we expected rainfall to have a positive effect on acorn predation as the greater the amount of rainfall, the more weevils would be able to emerge from the soil (Schraer et al. ) and potentially infest acorns.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) by affecting the number of adults emerging from the soil (Schraer et al. ), or even altering their sex ratio (Bonal et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, meteorological conditions are known to directly affect the population size and activity of rodents (e.g., squirrels in Kneip et al 2011, wood mice in Wr obel and Bogdziewicz 2015, Sunyer et al 2016) and ungulates (Servanty et al 2009). Similarly, rainfall amount and its seasonal distribution may influence oviposition by granivorous insects (Bonal et al 2010) by affecting the number of adults emerging from the soil (Schraer et al 1998), or even altering their sex ratio (Bonal et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond predator satiation: Masting but also the effects of rainfall stochasticity on weevils drive acorn predation

et al. 2017

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Escaping seed predation is a classic “economy of scale” hypotheses (predator satiation hypothesis, Psh) to explain the selection for the synchronous production of massive and nil seed crops (masting) in plants. The Psh postulates that predator satiation occurs through a combination of (1) “functional satiation,” as not all seeds can be consumed during a massive crop, and (2) “numerical satiation,” as predator populations collapse during poor crop years. Many studies advocate for the Psh, but few have investigated the importance of masting compared to other factors for the control of predation extent. Namely, environmental cues prompting masting could also determine predator's success and, ultimately, influence directly and independently seed predation intensity. We explored this question in Mediterranean oaks, as they exhibit strong masting behavior; acorns are heavily predated upon by weevils; and rainfall stochasticity drives masting and the emergence of adult weevils from the soil. Results of two mid‐term studies (4 and 11 yr) showed that acorn production and predation were highly variable across years, while the abundance of adult weevils was positively related to autumn rainfall and to the number of infested acorns the previous years. Ultimately, acorn predation was negatively influenced by inter‐annual fluctuation of seed production (masting) yet, mainly and positively, prompted by autumn rainfall and acorn crop size (only in one site). Our results highlight the relevance of masting to reduce seed predation. Yet evidences that rainfall stochasticity directly determines the success of weevils, and it independently influences seed predation extent, indicate that environmental cues prompting masting may also fine‐tune the output of this reproductive behavior. Additionally, local differences suggest that the relevance of masting may change with tree characteristics (low vs. high seed production) and landscape structure (isolated vs. dense forests). We also discuss what can be the effects of increasing drought in Mediterranean areas for this antagonistic interaction, triggered by rainfall.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) by affecting the number of adults emerging from the soil (Schraer et al. ), or even altering their sex ratio (Bonal et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond predator satiation: Masting but also the effects of rainfall stochasticity on weevils drive acorn predation

et al. 2017

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“…Subsequent studies showed that when drought conditions persist in clay soils, weevil emergence can be delayed until late September or even October (Neel et al 1975, Harris 1978, Harris and Ring 1980. Finally, Alverson et al (1984) and Schraer et al (1998) showed delayed emergence was related to soil hardness with a threshold of Ϸ60 kg/cm 2 forming a physical barrier that prevented emergence from the soil cell to the surface. Taken together, these findings show that the emergence pattern of the adult pecan weevil can vary widely over a 3-mo period.…”

Section: Pecan Weevil Life Cycle and Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and Management of the Pecan Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Mulder

Harris

Grantham

2012

Journal of Integrated Pest Management

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ABSTRACT. The pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn), and its primary host, pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Wagenheim) K. Koch are indigenous to North America east of the Rocky Mountains. This review is presented to describe the biology, life stages, crop injury, monitoring approaches, and primary control strategies currently used for pecan weevil in pecan. Suggested economic thresholds are extrapolated from several sources and the utility of current monitoring information is presented to aid in management and quarantine decisions.

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The phylogeny of acorn weevils (genus Curculio) from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences: the problem of incomplete data

Hughes

Vogler

2004

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Pecan Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Emergence in a Range of Soil Types

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Beyond predator satiation: Masting but also the effects of rainfall stochasticity on weevils drive acorn predation

Beyond predator satiation: Masting but also the effects of rainfall stochasticity on weevils drive acorn predation

Biology and Management of the Pecan Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The phylogeny of acorn weevils (genus Curculio) from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences: the problem of incomplete data

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