“…Many orthoclads encountered in Brazil do not readily fit into any described genus, and many new genera have been described. Several genera, namely Gynocladius Mendes, Sæther & Andrade-Morraye, 2005; Oleia Andersen & Mendes, 2007; Saetherocladius Andersen & Mendes, 2007; Saetherocryptus Andersen & Mendes, 2007; Saetherolabis Andersen & Mendes, 2007; Saetherops Andersen & Mendes, 2007; Lyrocladius Mendes & Andersen, 2008; Ubatubaneura Wiedenbrug & Trivinho-Strixino, 2009; Iporangomberus Mendes & Andersen, 2012; Pebapomberus Mendes & Andersen, 2012; Miambera Andersen & Mendes, 2012; Maximberus Andersen & Mendes, 2012; Jururumberus Mendes & Andersen, 2013; Uirassubrillia Mendes, Andersen & Pinho, 2013; Caaporangombera Andersen, Pinho & Mendes, 2015; Mariambera Andersen, Mendes & Pinho, 2015; and Urubicimbera Andersen, Pinho & Mendes, 2015 are so far endemic to Brazil ( Mendes et al 2005 , 2013 ; Andersen and Mendes 2007 , 2012a , 2012b ; Mendes and Andersen 2008 , 2012a , 2012b , 2013 ; Wiedenbrug and Trivinho-Strixino 2009 ; Andersen et al 2015a , 2015b , 2015c ). However, several of these genera are expected to be more widely distributed when the chironomid fauna of neighboring countries is better studied.…”