Peak Patterns of Chlorostyrenes in Fish and Fish Oils from the North Atlantic

Abstract

Residues of polychlorinated styrenes have been quantified in fish from different regions of the North Atlantic and in fish oils. One penta-, three hexa-, and six heptachlorostyrenes were identified together with octachlorostyrene. HRGC-EIMS spectra of samples taken from different species and fish oil products show considerable dissimilarities in the peak patterns. In all fish samples except one, (E)-β,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorostyrene (7) was dominant with concentrations up to 41 ng/g fat followed by octachlorostyrene (11) with concentrations up to 24 ng/g fat. α,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorostyrene (2) was found in most fish samples, but in rather low concentrations (0−9.2 ng/g fat), while all other compounds were found in only part of the samples in concentrations up to ca. 12 ng/g fat. In fish oil samples, the ratios of the components were even more divergent with either (E)-β,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorostyrene (7) or 2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorostyrene (1) or even octachlorostyrene (11) as the main component. Concentrations of (E)-β,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorostyrene (7) in fish samples correlated with those of octachlorostyrene (11), but in every other respect, no consistent pattern of chlorostyrenes has been found in these samples. Degradation studies indicate that the dominance of (E)-β,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorostyrene (7) is mainly due to direct input but not to environmental degradation.

Globale Destillation

“…Coelhan et al (2000) geben eine Konzentration von 1,05 mg/kg Fett für Heringe aus dem Skagerrak an. Die in den Ostseeheringen bestimmten OCS-Gehalte sind dagegen deutlich erhöht.…”

An octachlorostyrene electrochemical immunosensor: double amplification strategies with immobilization of nano-Au and Au nanoparticle labels

“…4,5 There have been many reports on the contamination levels of OCS in water, sediment, sh, birds and even in human beings. [6][7][8][9][10] Regarding the OCS toxicities, previous acute and subchronic toxicity tests showed that OCS changed serum biochemical parameters, induced hepatic microsomal enzymes, and caused histological alterations in the liver and thyroid of rats. 11 Therefore, a quick and accurate assay for monitoring OCS in environmental or biological samples is urgently necessary.…”

“…The reported methods for the OCS determination are mainly based on gas chromatography or liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. [6][7][8] Those methods could give satisfactory results, but their costly and time-consuming analytical procedures make them unsuitable for eld tests. Rapid, sensitive and selective detection of OCS is still a challenge.…”

Rapid Determination of Chlorostyrenes in Fish by Freezing-Lipid Filtration, Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

“…The presence of these compounds could indicate that OCS was released to the environmental from industrial sources. 17 Furthermore, chlorostyrenes have been detected, in significant concentrations, in marine and freshwater habitats around the world. Continued development of analytical methodologies is needed for the accurate determination of chlorostyrenes in both environmental and biological samples.…”

“…Documented methods for quantitation of chlorostyrenes in biological samples utilized commonly capillary column gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detector (ECD) 9 or combined with mass spectrometry (MS). 6,8,17 Prior to GC or GC/MS analysis, conventional approach to analyze chlorostyrenes in biological sample involves extraction followed by a multistep purification using various adsorbents. As extraction methods, Soxhlet extraction [6][7][8] and sonication extraction (SE) 18,19 have been widely used.…”