PDMS Curing Inhibition on 3D-Printed Molds: Why? Also, How to Avoid It?

Venzac, Bastien; Deng, Shanliang; Mahmoud, Ziad; Lenferink, Aufrid T.M.; Costa, Aurélie; Bray, Fabrice; Otto, Cees; Rolando, Christian; Gac, Séverine Le

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04944

Cited by 111 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…It has been suggested that curing inhibition on SLA resin can result from vaporised acrylate monomers 38 , which are components of most resins, released into the PDMS during heating. We reasoned that either blocking the contact sites between acrylates and PDMS or reducing the release of acrylates from the resin during curing could be sufficient to allow efficient curing of PDMS on the moulds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Washing of resin E and D was unsuccessful in most conditions, due to the amount of uncured resin adhering to the print from improper printing, and subsequent analysis of PDMS curing on these samples would bias the curing time, if curing can take place at all. It has been suggested that curing inhibition on SLA resin can result from vaporised acrylate monomers 38 , which are components of most resins, released into the PDMS during heating. We reasoned that either blocking the contact sites between acrylates and PDMS or reducing the release of acrylates from the resin during curing could be sufficient to allow efficient curing of PDMS on the moulds.…”

Section: Optimisation Of Pdms Curing On 3d Sla Printed Mouldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome these challenges and facilitate the production of complex 3D constructs suitable for cell culture, several successful post-processing and coating approaches have been established [38][39][40] . However, these protocols generally involve either long heat and detergent treatments, which often cause print deformation, or expensive techniques 41 , not accessible to every lab; for example, coating of SLA prints with parylene, which has been found to be sufficient to overcome curing inhibition of PDMS 42 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SOL3D: Soft-lithography on 3D vat polymerised moulds for fast, versatile, and accessible high-resolution fabrication of customised multiscale cell culture devices with complex designs

Hagemann

Bailey

Khokhar

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Commercially available cell culture devices are designed to increase the complexity of simple cell culture models to provide better experimental platforms for biological systems. From microtopography, microwells, plating devices and microfluidic systems to larger constructs for specific applications like live imaging chamber slides, a wide variety of culture devices with different geometries have become indispensable in biology labs. However, the techniques used for their fabrication can be out of reach for most wet labs due to cost and availability of specialised equipment or the need for engineering expertise. Moreover, these techniques also have technical limitations to the volumes, shapes and dimensions they can generate. For these reasons, creating customisable devices tailored to lab-specific biological questions remains difficult to apply. Taking advantage of low-cost, high-resolution desktop resin 3D printers combined with PDMS soft-lithography we have developed an optimised microfabrication pipeline capable of generating a wide variety of customisable devices for cell culture and tissue engineering in an easy, fast reproducible way for a fraction of the cost of conventional microfabrication or commercial alternatives. This technique enables the manufacture of complex devices across scales bridging the gap between microfabrication and fused deposition moulding (FDM) printing. The method we describe allows for the efficient treatment of resin-based 3D printed constructs for PDMS curing, using a combination of curing steps, washes and surface treatments. Together with the extensive characterisation of the fabrication pipeline, we provide several proof-of-principle applications ranging from simple 2D culture devices to large tissue engineering constructs and organoid formation systems. We believe this methodology will be applicable in any wet lab, irrespective of prior expertise or resource availability and will therefore enable a wide adoption of tailored microfabricated devices across many fields of biology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optimisation Of Pdms Curing On 3d Sla Printed Mouldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

SOL3D: Soft-lithography on 3D vat polymerised moulds for fast, versatile, and accessible high-resolution fabrication of customised multiscale cell culture devices with complex designs

Hagemann

Bailey

Khokhar

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…The two masters were fabricated with Vero White photosensitive resin (Stratasys, Ltd., Eden Prairie, MN, USA) by means of a 3D printer (Objet30 by Stratasys ® , Stratasys, Ltd., Eden Prairie, MN, USA). After a thorough cleaning in water to remove the support material, they were kept in oven at 110 • C for 12 h, which is a fundamental step to allow the following PDMS polymerization [31]. A final wash in acetone (5 min in ultrasonic bath) completed the fabrication process of the two masters.…”

Section: Sensing Platform Fabrication 221 Microfluidicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Portable Microfluidic Platform for EGOT-Based in Liquid Biosensing

Segantini

Parmeggiani

Ballesio

et al. 2022

Sensors

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In biosensing applications, the exploitation of organic transistors gated via a liquid electrolyte has increased in the last years thanks to their enormous advantages in terms of sensitivity, low cost and power consumption. However, a practical aspect limiting the use of these devices in real applications is the contamination of the organic material, which represents an obstacle for the realization of a portable sensing platform based on electrolyte-gated organic transistors (EGOTs). In this work, a novel contamination-free microfluidic platform allowing differential measurements is presented and validated through finite element modeling simulations. The proposed design allows the exposure of the sensing electrode without contaminating the EGOT device during the whole sensing tests protocol. Furthermore, the platform is exploited to perform the detection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a validation test for the introduced differential protocol, demonstrating the capability to detect BSA at 1 pM concentration. The lack of contamination and the differential measurements provided in this work can be the first steps towards the realization of a reliable EGOT-based portable sensing instrument.

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“…It could also further streamline the adoption of the technology because of its simplicity, much as occurred with 3D (bio) printing [11,12]. While very promising for prototyping microfluidic and OoC devices, the adoption of 3D printing technology by biomedical researchers is currently hampered by concerns of cytotoxicity, optical clarity, limited resolution, and impeded curing of PDMS [12][13][14][15][16]. Efforts have been made to simplify microfabrication using cleanroom-free methods and/or low-cost, transparent substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Prototyping of Organ-on-a-Chip Devices Using Maskless Photolithography

et al. 2021

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Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) and microfluidic devices are conventionally produced using microfabrication procedures that require cleanrooms, silicon wafers, and photomasks. The prototyping stage often requires multiple iterations of design steps. A simplified prototyping process could therefore offer major advantages. Here, we describe a rapid and cleanroom-free microfabrication method using maskless photolithography. The approach utilizes a commercial digital micromirror device (DMD)-based setup using 375 nm UV light for backside exposure of an epoxy-based negative photoresist (SU-8) on glass coverslips. We show that microstructures of various geometries and dimensions, microgrooves, and microchannels of different heights can be fabricated. New SU-8 molds and soft lithography-based polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips can thus be produced within hours. We further show that backside UV exposure and grayscale photolithography allow structures of different heights or structures with height gradients to be developed using a single-step fabrication process. Using this approach: (1) digital photomasks can be designed, projected, and quickly adjusted if needed; and (2) SU-8 molds can be fabricated without cleanroom availability, which in turn (3) reduces microfabrication time and costs and (4) expedites prototyping of new OoC devices.

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PDMS Curing Inhibition on 3D-Printed Molds: Why? Also, How to Avoid It?

Cited by 111 publications

References 31 publications

SOL3D: Soft-lithography on 3D vat polymerised moulds for fast, versatile, and accessible high-resolution fabrication of customised multiscale cell culture devices with complex designs

SOL3D: Soft-lithography on 3D vat polymerised moulds for fast, versatile, and accessible high-resolution fabrication of customised multiscale cell culture devices with complex designs

Design of a Portable Microfluidic Platform for EGOT-Based in Liquid Biosensing

Rapid Prototyping of Organ-on-a-Chip Devices Using Maskless Photolithography

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