PDL reduction of long-period fiber grating by rotating exposure method

Ishii, Yukihiro; Okude, Satoshi; Nishide, Kazuhiko; Wada, Akira; Shima, K.

doi:10.1109/ecoc.2001.989663

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The form of the induced birefringence and its effect on grating coupling characteristics have been measured and modeled for ultraviolet-induced ͑UV-induced͒ LPFGs, [11][12][13][14] and a theory that relates birefringence and PDL in this type of grating has been reported. 15 These efforts have necessarily focused on birefringence limited to the optical fiber core because of the mechanisms involved in creating an index change. Related to this focus, an approximation that neglects birefringence outside the core is typically made when PDL in UV-induced LPFGs is examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Related to this focus, an approximation that neglects birefringence outside the core is typically made when PDL in UV-induced LPFGs is examined. 15 Gratings other than those induced by ultraviolet light can possess birefringence that is not restricted to the optical fiber core; an example is LPFGs written in optical fiber with highly birefringent core and cladding. The presence of birefringence outside, or in addition to, the core region of a fiber can affect PDL in a LPFG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is particularly true when one is equating birefringence to resonant wavelength separation, which is one factor that determines PDL in a grating. 15 With such existing issues, consideration of the relationship between birefringence and PDL for other types of LPFG is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Polarization-dependent loss and birefringence in long-period fiber gratings

Bachim

Gaylord

2003

Appl. Opt.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Widely used descriptions and relationships for birefringence and polarization-dependent loss (PDL), developed primarily for ultraviolet-induced long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) written in optical fiber, can be invalid for other types of LPFG. The understanding of PDL is expanded to include LPFGs with birefringence in the core only, in the cladding only, and in both the core and the cladding. Equations that link resonant wavelength separation, one factor that determines PDL, and birefringence for the three categories are presented, along with relevant approximations. Measurement results for two LPFGs fabricated by different techniques are presented that illustrate the effect of birefringence on PDL.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Polarization-dependent loss and birefringence in long-period fiber gratings

Bachim

Gaylord

2003

Appl. Opt.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The absolute difference between the maximum and the minimum transmitted power is defined as PDL. Obviously the RWS is a directly related to the PDL, given a specific filter profile (slope) [15]. Therefore we can use RWS to characterize PDL.…”

Section: Polarization Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

High sensitivity long-period grating tunable filters in standard communication fibers and their PDL reduction

Wei

Čada

2004

SPIE Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper we report the investigation results of tunable filters by using high-sensitivity cladding modes in standard communication fibers and their PDL reduction. By choosing temperature and strain sensitive cladding modes and through proper packaging to combine the strain effect into the temperature effect, enhanced temperature sensitivity has been achieved. A combined sensitivity of 250 pm/°C by temperature tuning has been demonstrated in standard fibers. We further found that the tunable filters using high sensitivity cladding modes show remarkably higher polarization dependent loss (PDL), compared to those using low sensitivity ones. We derived an expression to quantitatively link the filter PDL (through resonant wavelength separation) to the sensitivities of the cladding modes and other related birefringence sources, including the process (UV or CO2 laser) induced and the fiber intrinsic birefringence. We proposed PDL reduction methods and demonstrated that the PDL due to both the induced and the intrinsic sources can be removed.

show abstract

“…In case of long-period fiber grating (LPFG), polarization-dependent loss (PDL) is more important than polarization-mode dispersion (PMD), since the length of LPFG is about a few cm and it has wavelength-dependent loss. The origin of birefringence induced during grating inscription was reported to have two contributions: the polarization of the UV writing beam and the asymmetric index change in the transverse plane; the solutions for PDL reduction have also been proposed [5][6][7]. In the case of LPFGs fabricated with CO 2 laser, the birefringence is mainly caused by azimuthal asymmetry of the laser exposure, since the fabrication typically adopts the surface-deformation method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%