Azimuthally symmetric long‐period fiber gratings fabricated with CO<sub>2</sub> laser

Oh, Seung Tae; Han, Won‐Taek; Paek, Un-Chul; Chung, Youngjoo

doi:10.1002/mop.20088

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…To solve the problem of asymmetrical mode coupling in LPFGs written by one-sided exposure of a CO 2 laser beam, various methods based on symmetric exposure of the laser beam were demonstrated to achieve axially symmetric LPFG by rotating the fiber during exposure, 120 by focusing a ringshaped CO 2 laser beam axially on the fiber with a concave mirror, 120 and by placing a special reflector behind the fiber. 121 The achieved LPFGs with an axially symmetric re-fractive index profile exhibit clean spectra, very low insertion loss ͑Ͻ0.1 dB͒ and a low PDL of 0.21 dB ͑Ref.…”

Section: Asymmetrical Mode Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Wang

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

220

134

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This paper presents a systematic review of long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) written by the CO2 laser irradiation technique. First, various fabrication techniques based on CO2 laser irradiations are demonstrated to write LPFGs in different types of optical fibers such as conventional glass fibers, solid-core photonic crystal fibers, and air-core photonic bandgap fibers. Second, possible mechanisms, e.g., residual stress relaxation, glass structure changes, and physical deformation, of refractive index modulations in the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are analyzed. Third, asymmetrical mode coupling, resulting from single-side laser irradiation, is discussed to understand unique optical properties of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs. Fourthly, several pretreament and post-treatment techniques are proposed to enhance the efficiency of grating fabrications. Fifthly, sensing applications of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are investigated to develop various LPFG-based temperature, strain, bend, torsion, pressure, and biochemical sensors. Finally, communication applications of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are investigated to develop various LPFG-based band-rejection filters, gain equalizers, polarizers, and couplers.

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Section: Asymmetrical Mode Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Wang

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

220

134

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“…The effect of the stress-induced birefringence on the PDL was investigated by the analysis of the two-dimensional axial stress profile [13]. To produce a symmetric index distribution, different methods have been proposed, which include the use of a specially designed reflector placed behind the fiber to divide the incident light into three beams separated in angle by 120° [8], multiple exposures by rotating the fiber [20], [21], the use of a hydrogen-loaded SMF [22], etc. Because the CO 2 -laser power required for writing a grating in a hydrogen-loaded fiber is low [4], [22], the index change is induced mainly in the core, as in the case of a boron-doped fiber [16], [17].…”

Section: Lpfg Written In Conventional Smfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent development on CO 2 -laser written long-period fiber gratings

Liu

Chiang

2008

Passive Components and Fiber-Based Devices V

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The paper reviews the recent progress on CO 2 -laser writing of long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) in different kinds of fibers, including conventional single-mode fiber (SMF), boron-doped SMF, polarization-maintaining fiber, photonic crystal fiber, and polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber. In particular, we report the writing dynamics for the understanding of the physical mechanisms involved in the writing process and show that the CO 2 -laser pulses can not only relax the internal stress in the fiber core but also induce a frozen-in stress in the cladding of the fiber under tension. The applications of CO 2 -laser written LPFGs, especially for the realization of broadband optical couplers, are also discussed.

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“…So the central wavelength of the passband that determines the lasing wavelength of the fiber ring laser is also sensitive to the change in the state of polarization. Such an asymmetric LPFG could be replaced by azimuthally symmetric LPFGs written by using symmetric CO 2 laser beam-exposure, rotating the fiber during the CO 2 laser-beam/UV light exposure [9][10]. Besides, the resolution limit of the OSA also contributes to the error.…”

Section: Remote Sensing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing based on reflective bandpass long-period fiber grating and fiber ring laser

et al. 2012

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A remote sensing system based on bandpass long-period fiber grating (LPFG) and fiber ring laser is proposed in this paper. The reflective bandpass LPFG is fabricated by fusion splicing a piece of hollow core fiber (HCF) to the LPFG.And the fiber ring laser is employed to narrow the line-width of the bandpass LPFG and realize remote sensing. As an application example, a temperature experiment is conducted at the spot more than 1 km away from the fiber ring laser.The experimental results show that such a sensor has a sensitivity of 0.0254nm/°C within the range of 20-150°C.

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Azimuthally symmetric long‐period fiber gratings fabricated with CO₂ laser

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Recent development on CO 2 -laser written long-period fiber gratings

Remote sensing based on reflective bandpass long-period fiber grating and fiber ring laser

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Azimuthally symmetric long‐period fiber gratings fabricated with CO2 laser

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Recent development on CO 2 -laser written long-period fiber gratings

Remote sensing based on reflective bandpass long-period fiber grating and fiber ring laser

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Azimuthally symmetric long‐period fiber gratings fabricated with CO₂ laser