Pd‐SBT@MCM‐41: As an efficient, stable and recyclable organometallic catalyst for C‐C coupling reactions and synthesis of 5‐substituted tetrazoles

Abstract

A palladium S-benzylisothiourea complex was anchored on functionalized MCM-41 (Pd-SBT@MCM-41) and applied as efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles using [2 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of various organic nitriles with sodium azide (NaN 3 ) in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as green solvent. Also this catalyst was applied as an versatile organometallic catalyst for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides and phenylboronic acid (PhB(OH) 2 ) or sodium tetraphenyl borate (NaB(Ph) 4 ). This nanocatalyst was characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) and N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms techniques. Recovery of the catalyst is easily achieved by centrifugation for several consecutive runs.

Palladium Nanoparticles in Polyols: Synthesis, Catalytic Couplings, and Hydrogenations

“…mol% Pd catalyst loading. 260 Besides, a surface dehydrogenative coupling of organosilanes leveraged by PdNPs for the formation of Si-N bond has recently been described by Wang and co-workers This nanocatalytic system outsmarts existing catalysts in terms of durability characteristics and higher level of efficiency. In a broader context, these results illustrate powerful nanocatalytic approaches to maximize the performance of palladium catalysis in the quest of green and sustainable processes required for future industrial applications.…”

Immobilization of cerium (IV) and erbium (III) in mesoporous MCM‐41: Two novel and highly active heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of 5‐substituted tetrazoles, and chemo‐ and homoselective oxidation of sulfides

“…Tetrazoles have attracted considerable interest in the broad area of use. Tetrazoles are often utilized as lipophilic spacers and metabolically steady substitutes in pharmaceuticals, as ligands in coordination chemistry, as anti‐foggants in photographic materials, and as high‐density energy materials in materials science …”

Synthesis and characterization of indium and thallium immobilized on isonicotinamide‐functionalized mesoporous MCM‐41: Two novel and highly active heterogeneous catalysts for selective oxidation of sulfides and thiols to their corresponding sulfoxides and disulfides

“…Such hybrid nanocomposites can incorporate some beneficial features of both organic and inorganic components into the mesoporous support with reactive and mechanical properties that are different from either of the completely organic or inorganic species. The strong covalent bonds thus increase the lifetime of the catalyst, the performance of these inorganic–organic hybrid materials is improved and the leaching of catalytically active sites can be avoided . Various indium and thallium compounds can promote a number of reactions such as C&bond;C bond formations, n ‐ tert ‐butoxycarbonylation of amines, acylation of alcohols, phenols and thiols, geminal diacylation of aldehydes and Suzuki cross coupling .…”