PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and DDE in edible marine species from the Adriatic Sea

Bayarri, Susana; Baldassarri, Luigi Turrio; Iacovella, Nicola; Ferrara, Fulvio; Domenico, Alessandro Di

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00412-4

Cited by 164 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar studies on Mediterranean fish confirm the relatively high non-ortho PCB concentrations [4,28,35,36]. The PCDD/F profile from the present study is very similar to the profiles for Mediterranean fish given by Bayarri et al [28], with 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,4,7,8- As no PCBs almost exclusively determine the total TEQ in Mediterranean fish, monitoring of these three PCBs could be sufficient for food-safety purposes. Cluster 2 concerns pikeperch, the profile of which is also dominated by the non-ortho PCBs (97% of the sum of PCDD/Fs and non-ortho PCBs).…”

Section: Congener Profile Analysissupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The profile reported by Gomara et al [29] on mussel samples from the Spanish market were very similar to our data. Bayarri et al [28] reported a different pattern (2,3,4,7,3,7,8-TCDF as almost the only PCDD/F congeners present) in mussels from the Adriatic Sea, which is characteristic for that location as was also observed in other fish. Concerning the herring cluster (cluster 4), the predominance of 2,3,7,8-TCDF, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD determines the deviating profile compared with that for other fish from the English Channel and the North Sea.…”

Section: Congener Profile Analysismentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In some other studies, different TEF systems were used [9,[26][27][28]. These TEFs are listed in the electronic supplementary material.…”

Section: Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofuransmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in fish from the Netherlands: concentrations, profiles and comparison with DR CALUX® bioassay results

Leeuwen

Leonards

Traag³

et al. 2007

Anal Bioanal Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fish from Dutch markets were analysed for concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DLPCBs) and compared with the new European maximum residue levels (MRLs), set in 2006. In a first study on 11 different fish and shellfish from various locations, concentrations of PCDD/Fs were nearly all below the MRL for PCDD/Fs [4 pg toxic equivalents (TEQ) per gram wet weight (ww)] and nearly all below 8 pg total TEQ/g ww, the new MRL for the sum of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs. Some samples exceeded the total TEQ MRL, such as anchovy, tuna and sea bass. Furthermore, 20 (out of 39) wild eel samples exceeded the specific MRL for eel (12 pg total TEQ/g ww), as the study revealed PCDD/F TEQ levels of 0.2-7.9 pg TEQ/g ww and total TEQ values of 0.9 to 52 pg/g ww. TEQ levels in farmed and imported eel were lower and complied with the MRLs. Smoking eel, a popular tradition in the Netherlands, only had marginal effects on PCDD/F and DL-PCB concentrations. Owing to volatilization, concentrations of lowerchlorinated PCBs were reduced to below the limit of quantification after smoking. DL-PCBs contributed 61-97% to the total TEQ in all eel samples. This also holds for other fish and shellfish (except shrimps): DL-PCB contributed (on average) from 53 (herring) to 83% (tuna) to the total TEQ. Principal-component analysis revealed distinctive congener profiles for PCDD/Fs and non-ortho PCBs for mussels, pikeperch, herring and various Mediterranean fish. The application of new TCDD toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) set by the World Health Organization in 2006 (to replace the 1997 TEFs) resulted in lower TEQ values, mainly owing to a decreased mono-ortho PCB contribution. This decrease is most pronounced for eel, owing to the relative high monoortho PCB concentrations in eel. Consequently, a larger number of samples would comply with the MRLs when the new TEFs are applied. The DR CALUX® assay may be used for screening total TEQ levels in eel, in combination with gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry confirmation of suspected samples. An almost 1:1 correlation was found when the 1997 TEFs were applied, but, surprisingly, a 1.4-fold overestimation occurred with application of the 2006 TEFs.

show abstract

Section: Congener Profile Analysissupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Congener Profile Analysismentioning

confidence: 86%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in fish from the Netherlands: concentrations, profiles and comparison with DR CALUX® bioassay results

Leeuwen

Leonards

Traag³

et al. 2007

Anal Bioanal Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…SFE proved to be less laborious and requiered less organic solvent than conventional methods, like Soxhlet extraction, but produced similar results. The presence of halogenated contaminants like PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and OCPs was evaluated in edible marine species from the Adriatic Sea [21]. Only PCBs and p,p9-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE; a dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) metabolite) were extracted by SFE, while PCDDs and PCDFs where extracted using ASE.…”

Section: Biological Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are commonly used for the purification step by SPE. For the clean-up of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and DDE in edible marine species, after the SFE was performed, the compounds were eluted from the trap with 3 mL of n-hexane and further purified on preactivated alumina [21]. The efficiency of SFE for the determination of 12 PCBs from algae samples was compared to Soxhlet extraction [22].…”

Section: Spe Offlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical fluid extraction of polyhalogenated pollutants from aquaculture and marine environmental samples: A review

García-Rodríguez

Carro-Díaz

Lorenzo-Ferreira³

2008

J of Separation Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ReviewSupercritical fluid extraction of polyhalogenated pollutants from aquaculture and marine environmental samples: A review This article focuses on the state-of-the-art in sample preparation using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), to monitor the content of polyhalogenated pollutants in aquaculture and marine environmental samples. Marine sediments and biological applications, including several types of samples matrices (fish, shellfish, seaweed and fish feed) and analyte groups (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxin (PCDD)/Fs and organochlorinated pesticide (OCPs)) are discussed with respect to SFE use and optimisation of conditions. We also discuss the great analytical potential of SFE, the integration of the extraction and clean-up steps for rapid sample processing justifying its use for routine work. The most recent SFE applications to the determination of these pollutants in marine environmental (biota and sediment) samples, published in the last 15 years, are reviewed.

show abstract