ReviewSupercritical fluid extraction of polyhalogenated pollutants from aquaculture and marine environmental samples: A review This article focuses on the state-of-the-art in sample preparation using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), to monitor the content of polyhalogenated pollutants in aquaculture and marine environmental samples. Marine sediments and biological applications, including several types of samples matrices (fish, shellfish, seaweed and fish feed) and analyte groups (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxin (PCDD)/Fs and organochlorinated pesticide (OCPs)) are discussed with respect to SFE use and optimisation of conditions. We also discuss the great analytical potential of SFE, the integration of the extraction and clean-up steps for rapid sample processing justifying its use for routine work. The most recent SFE applications to the determination of these pollutants in marine environmental (biota and sediment) samples, published in the last 15 years, are reviewed.
SummaryA quick, simple and selective procedure has been developed for the determination of phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, and p-cresol in soil samples. The method is based on the gas chromatographic headspace analysis of phenols as acetate derivatives. These acetates were prepared directly in the wetted soil samples by acetic anhydride in the presence of KHCO3. With this procedure sample handling is reduced to a minimum as desorption and derivatization of the analytes are developed from the wetted samples inside the vial of the head space sampler. The acetate esters were analyzed using a 60 m x 0.56 mm DIIDP capillary column (di-isodecyl-phthalate), using 2-chlorophenol as an internal standard. The detection limit was between 0.03-0.08 pg g-' for the different species considered. Soil samples having carbon contents lower than 5 % can he analyzed by the proposed procedure.
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