PCBs and Neurodevelopmental Effects in Michigan Children: An Evaluation of Exposure and Dose Characterization

Schell, John D.; Budinsky, Robert A.; Wernke, Michael J.

doi:10.1006/rtph.2001.1475

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In a study involving 242 infants born between 1980 and 1981, whose mothers consumed moderate quantities of contaminated fish from Lake Michigan, the PCB exposure, assessed both by maternal fish consumption and by umbilical cord serum levels, was associated with lower birth weight, smaller head circumference, and shorter gestational age than controls (Fein et al, 1984). However, critical flaws have been noted in the study design, such as in the exposure assessment, selection and comparability of the exposed and control samples (Schell et al, 2001). In addition, 66% of cord sera PCB levels were below the quantification limit (5 ppb) (Schwartz et al, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent organochlorine compounds in fetal and maternal tissues: Evaluation of their potential influence on several indicators of fetal growth and health

Bergonzi

Palma

Specchia

et al. 2011

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent organochlorine compounds in fetal and maternal tissues: Evaluation of their potential influence on several indicators of fetal growth and health

Bergonzi

Palma

Specchia

et al. 2011

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The evidence for neurological and cognitive effects in humans has however been questioned based e.g. on normal variation, confounders, lacking consistence between studies, poor exposure measures and other methodological problems , Schell et al 2001cf. USEPA 2000a).…”

Section: Neurological Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks and Management of Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds in Baltic Sea Fish: An Integrated Assessment

2006

TemaNord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…However, few studies include a credible assessment of both infant health status and infant exposures. For example, numerous problems have been identified in studies reporting on neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal and postnatal PCB exposure (Schell et al 2001). Epidemiologic data often involve confounding exposures to mixtures that may not reflect the chemical mixture profiles typically found in the breast milk of lactating mothers.…”

Section: Epidemiologic and Clinical Studies Relevant To Infant Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of methods for comparing estrogenic activity of endogenous and exogenous chemicals in human milk and infant formula.

Borgert¹,

LaKind²,

Witorsch³

2003

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In its review of hormonally active agents in the environment, the National Research Council (NRC 1999) recommended that further investigations of human exposure to natural and anthropogenic hormonally active agents be conducted to determine relative contributions of estrogen equivalents. The NRC (1999, p. 273) further recommended that the biological potency of hormonally active agents must be related to that of endogenous hormones in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and in men. Additional comparisons should be made with pharmacologic estrogens (hormonereplacement therapy and hormonal contraceptives) and phytoestrogens because large segments of the population are exposed to these compounds.In addition, the Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee recommended that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) screen and potentially test "representative mixtures to which large . . . segments of the population are exposed," including human milk (EDSTAC 1998), which has raised questions regarding whether appropriate methods and data are available for performing such an assessment (LaKind and Berlin 2002).The assessment implied by the recommendations of those scientific bodies would involve using biological mechanistic information coupled with exposure data to assess overall human health risk for a particular mechanism. This concept is not new and has been used, for example, to evaluate risks to dioxin-like chemicals that are presumed or demonstrated to act through an aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-mediated mechanism (i.e., the toxic equivalents, or TEQ, approach). Similarly, Safe (1995) and NRC (1999) have compared the toxic potency of dietary and environmental estrogenic chemicals, using the concept of estrogen equivalents (EQs) where the substances are presumed to act though an estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated mechanism. On the basis of the EQ approach, Safe (1995) estimated that dietary intake of EQs from naturally occurring estrogenic compounds far exceeds dietary intake of man-made estrogenic compounds.In an extension of this approach, we initially sought to apply methods for estimating relative estrogenic potencies of endogenous and exogenous chemicals to assessing estrogenic risks for the two primary sources of infant nutrition: human milk and infant formulas. Both types of infant nutrition are complex mixtures of chemicals, and both contain an array of substances that have potential estrogenic activity. In combination with information on concentrations of endogenous and exogenous chemicals in these nutrition sources, estrogenic potency estimates would theoretically allow us to evaluate the relative magnitude of hormonal activity from naturally occurring substances compared with hormonal activity from exogenous substances. However, for reasons enumerated in this review, we believe that the current state of scientific understanding does not allow for accurate estimates by such methods. Although we recognize that hormonally active agents encompass a wide range of biochemical mecha...

show abstract

PCBs and Neurodevelopmental Effects in Michigan Children: An Evaluation of Exposure and Dose Characterization

Cited by 20 publications

References 29 publications

Persistent organochlorine compounds in fetal and maternal tissues: Evaluation of their potential influence on several indicators of fetal growth and health

Persistent organochlorine compounds in fetal and maternal tissues: Evaluation of their potential influence on several indicators of fetal growth and health

Risks and Management of Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds in Baltic Sea Fish: An Integrated Assessment

A critical review of methods for comparing estrogenic activity of endogenous and exogenous chemicals in human milk and infant formula.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About