PbO as direct conversion x-ray detector material

Simon, M.E.; Ford, R. A.; Franklin, A. R.; Grabowski, S; Menser, Bernd; Much, G.; Nascetti, A.; Overdick, Michael; Powell, M. J.; Wiechert, Detlef

doi:10.1117/12.533010

Cited by 43 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Photoconductor materials with a high atomic number and density and therefore good absorption characteristics, as, for example, lead iodide, lead oxide, cadmium telluride and mercury iodide are subject to current research [14][15][16]. The best understood and most frequently used material is, however, amorphous selenium (a-Se).…”

Section: Flat Detectors Based On An Indirect Conversion Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flat detectors and their clinical applications

Spahn

2005

Eur Radiol

106

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Diagnostic and interventional flat detector X-ray systems are penetrating the market in all application segments. First introduced in radiography and mammography, they have conquered cardiac and general angiography and are getting increasing attention in fluoroscopy. Two flat detector technologies prevail. The dominating method is based on an indirect X-ray conversion process, using cesium iodide scintillators. It offers considerable advantages in radiography, angiography and fluoroscopy. The other method employs a direct converter such as selenium which is particularly suitable for mammography. Both flat detector technologies are based on amorphous silicon active pixel matrices. Flat detectors facilitate the clinical workflow in radiographic rooms, foster improved image quality and provide the potential to reduce dose. This added value is based on their large dynamic range, their high sensitivity to X-rays and the instant availability of the image. Advanced image processing is instrumental in these improvements and expand the range of conventional diagnostic methods. In angiography and fluoroscopy the transition from image intensifiers to flat detectors is facilitated by ample advantages they offer, such as distortion-free images, excellent coarse contrast, large dynamic range and high X-ray sensitivity. These characteristics and their compatibility with strong magnetic fields are the basis for improved diagnostic methods and innovative interventional applications.

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Section: Flat Detectors Based On An Indirect Conversion Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flat detectors and their clinical applications

Spahn

2005

Eur Radiol

106

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“…Simon et al . measured PbO [79] and even showed some decent X -ray images, but the stability of the material was questionable and the imagers just worked in a N 2 atmosphere .…”

Section: Other Photoconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoconductor Digital X‐Ray Imaging

Zentai

2010

Solar Cells and Their Applications

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“…This is due to the relatively high and well-defined electric fields in the materials and due to a rather small lateral diffusion of the charge carriers. Figure 4-4 shows an X-ray image obtained with a PbO detection layer 13 . Until now, only amorphous selenium is used in commercial X-ray detectors 7,9 , the other materials still being in their research phases.…”

Section: Direct Conversion Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flat detectors based on direct conversion materials (see section 2.2) also utilize a-Si technology for the large area substrates 9,13 . The pixel circuit is very similar, as shown in Figure 4-5b.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually these materials have a high resistivity (10 10 to 10 16 Ωcm) and are operated with relatively strong electric fields (between 0.1 and 20 V/µm). For applications in X-ray imaging, several classical photoconducting materials have been studied, 6 such as amorphous selenium [7][8][9] (a-Se) and the polycrystalline materials lead iodide 10, 11 (PbI 2 ), lead oxide [12][13][14] (PbO) and mercury iodide 11,15,16 (HgI 2 ). Some properties of these materials are listed in Table 4-1.…”

Section: Direct Conversion Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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