Pb isotopic constraints on the formation of the Dikulushi Cu–Pb–Zn–Ag mineralisation, Kundelungu Plateau (Democratic Republic of Congo)

Provenancing Central African copper croisettes: A first chemical and lead isotope characterisation of currencies in Central and Southern Africa

“…Little to no consistency with available Zambian or Namibian (Tsumeb) sulphide ore data can be noted. The important radiogenic component in the croisettes' LI ratios is consistent with the Katanga Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag mineralisations (Kundelungu), where radiogenic LI ratios result from complex remobilisation and fluid mixing after the Lufilian Orogeny, with variable Th/U ratios 8 in the base rocks (Haest et al, 2010). It must be emphasised, however, that the available data reflects a variety of base deposits and sulphide minerals only (galena, bornite, chalcocite, digenite, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite), of various geological ages (Cailteux and De Putter, 2019): LI ratios of the supergene deposits in the Copperbelt have not yet been characterised.…”

Unraveling rare earth element signatures in hydrothermal carbonate minerals using a source–sink system

“…Consequently, the observed anomalies are directly inherited from their sources. Variable Eu/Eu* N ratios between 0.5 and 1.8 in the calcites (Table 4) thus indicate equilibration with different source areas, in accordance with the large heterogeneity in observed Pb-isotope compositions (Haest et al, 2010).…”

“…The mineralizing fluids are thus most likely derived from evaporated seawater or re-dissolution of crustal evaporites, which consecutively interacted with the Katanga basin sediments, mafic intrusions into these sediments, and potentially the underlying Proterozoic basement (e.g.., Van Wilderode et al, 2015). Lead isotope ratios are heterogeneous and indicate distinct solid source areas with incomplete mixing between the endmember compositions (Haest et al, 2010). Finally, Cu isotope ratios vary with the depth from the surface and the distance to the center of the deposit, indicating supergene remobilization (Haest et al, 2009).…”

Geology, isotope geochemistry and geochronology of the Jinshachang carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposit, southwest China

“…Because some Pb isotopes are radiogenic, the Pb isotope ratios need to be corrected to a consistent age in order to make comparisons between different phases (e.g., Carr et al, 1995;Muchez et al, 2005;Haest et al, 2010 . 6), all sulfide Pb isotope data of the Jinshachang deposit plot above the upper crust Pb evolution curves (Zartman and Doe, 1981), suggesting a crustal source of Pb in the hydrothermal fluids.…”