Unraveling rare earth element signatures in hydrothermal carbonate minerals using a source–sink system

Debruyne, David; Hulsbosch, Niels; Muchez, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.07.022

Cited by 92 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Fluid reservoirs and REE mineral solubilities are commonly assumed to be the main limiting factors for the partitioning of REE between calcite-fluid in natural systems [27]. Chondrite-normalized REE profiles of natural calcite are generally LREE-enriched, due to their closer ionic radii to Ca (i.e., 1.03Å for La 3+ and 1.00Å for Ca 2+ in 6-fold coordination).…”

Section: Ree Partitioning In Naturalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcite and fluorite are common 2 Geofluids gangue minerals, and trace elements are more compatible in these minerals than in quartz. Calcite has proven to be a useful geochemical tracer for the behavior of the REE in different types of ore-forming fluids and also for determining fluid reservoir properties [27]. The partitioning of the REE results in characteristic patterns which can be used in evaluating ore-forming processes in hydrothermal mineral deposits [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcite has proven to be a useful geochemical tracer for the behavior of the REE in different types of ore-forming fluids and also for determining fluid reservoir properties [27]. The partitioning of the REE results in characteristic patterns which can be used in evaluating ore-forming processes in hydrothermal mineral deposits [27]. The REE are compatible within the calcite structure, where substitution of REE 3+ for Ca 2+ can be achieved due to their similar ionic radii; this has also been observed in fluorite [27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rare Earth Elements in Mineral Deposits: Speciation in Hydrothermal Fluids and Partitioning in Calcite

Perry

Gysi

2018

Geofluids

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is properly cited.Studying the speciation and mineral-fluid partitioning of the rare earth elements (REE) allows us to delineate the key processes responsible for the formation of economic REE mineral deposits in natural systems. Hydrothermal REE-bearing calcite is typically hosted in carbonatites and alkaline rocks, such as the giant Bayan Obo REE deposit in China and potential REE deposits such as Bear Lodge, WY. The compositions of these hydrothermal veins yield valuable information regarding pressure ( ), temperature ( ), salinity, and other physicochemical conditions under which the REE can be fractionated and concentrated in crustal fluids. This study presents numerical simulation results of the speciation of REE in aqueous NaCl-H 2 O-CO 2 -bearing hydrothermal fluids and a new partitioning model between calcite and fluids at different --conditions. Results show that, in a high CO 2 and low salinity system, bicarbonate/carbonate are the main transporting ligands for the REE, but predominance shifts to chloride complexes in systems with high CO 2 and high salinity. Hydroxyl REE complexes may be important for the solubility and transport of the REE in alkaline fluids. These numerical predictions allow us to make quantitative interpretations of hydrothermal processes in REE mineral deposits, particularly in carbonatites, and show where future experimental work will be essential in improving our modeling capabilities for these ore-forming processes.

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Section: Ree Partitioning In Naturalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rare Earth Elements in Mineral Deposits: Speciation in Hydrothermal Fluids and Partitioning in Calcite

Perry

Gysi

2018

Geofluids

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“…Several recent publications have explored minerals for which little or no LA-ICP-MS trace element data have been available until now: carbonates [157,158], titanite [98,159], calcite and tourmaline [90], Ti-spinels and perovskite [160], or native gold [161]. Despite these efforts, the distribution of trace elements in certain matrices remains relatively poorly understudied.…”

Section: Current Trends and Future Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Element Analysis of Minerals in Magmatic-Hydrothermal Ores by Laser Ablation Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Approaches and Opportunities

et al. 2016

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Laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has rapidly established itself as the method of choice for generation of multi-element datasets for specific minerals, with broad applications in Earth science. Variation in absolute concentrations of different trace elements within common, widely distributed phases, such as pyrite, iron-oxides (magnetite and hematite), and key accessory minerals, such as apatite and titanite, can be particularly valuable for understanding processes of ore formation, and when trace element distributions vary systematically within a mineral system, for a vector approach in mineral exploration. LA-ICP-MS trace element data can assist in element deportment and geometallurgical studies, providing proof of which minerals host key elements of economic relevance, or elements that are deleterious to various metallurgical processes. This contribution reviews recent advances in LA-ICP-MS methodology, reference standards, the application of the method to new mineral matrices, outstanding analytical uncertainties that impact on the quality and usefulness of trace element data, and future applications of the technique. We illustrate how data interpretation is highly dependent on an adequate understanding of prevailing mineral textures, geological history, and in some cases, crystal structure.

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“…Xiaolin et al ., ). Considered in tandem with lower Sr and Na composition in their rim (Table ), this likewise indicates that the dolomitizing pore fluid is a mixture of lower salinity fluid and marine pore fluid (Sholkovitz & Szymczak, ; Debruyne et al ., ) and it controlled the lower Y and REE compositions of the rims. In comparison, the relatively higher Y and REE compositions of the core section (Figs and ; Table ) indicates greater contribution from the dissolution phase (marine carbonate) (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

In situ characterization of dolomite crystals: Evaluation of dolomitization process and its effect on zoning

Olanipekun

Azmy

2017

Sedimentology

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Dolomitization is a dissolution–re‐precipitation process which proceeds via micrometre‐scale interface reaction horizons. However, the effect of this fundamental local medium of replacement process on precipitated dolomite crystals is rarely investigated. For this purpose, dolomite samples of Ordovician Boat Harbour Formation carbonates (Newfoundland, Canada) from Main Brook and Daniel's Harbour (about 150 km apart) were studied. The investigation used high‐resolution approaches to carry out imaging and elemental analyses of individual dolomite crystals, including scanning electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy‐based cathodoluminescence, secondary ion mass spectrometry and electron microprobe analysis. The purpose was to better understand geochemical variations across the crystal traverses and their association with dolomite replacement processes and conditions. The scanning electron microscopy‐based cathodoluminescence‐zoning character reveals three major crystal facies. Distinctly (planar boundaries) zoned core and indistinctly zoned core are zoned dolomite crystal facies in burial dolomite from Main Brook. Relatively unzoned crystal facies was identified in that of Daniel's Harbour. Compositionally zoned dolomite crystals are characterized by decreasing Sr, Na, Y and ∑REE but increasing Mn and Fe from core to rim sections. ‘Core to rim’ zoning was not found for major (Mg and Ca) elements. The zoning exhibited by the replacive dolomite crystals is interpreted to be, principally, a result of limited exchange between solutes of the bulk pore fluid and those of dissolving precursor marine carbonate. In tandem with petrographic features, the systematic compositional zoning character demonstrates that the effectiveness of the dolomitization process grades from indistinctly zoned core to relatively unzoned crystal facies via interface reaction horizons. Homogenization of major elements of core and rim sections, seen in distinctly zoned core crystal facies and to a much greater extent in relatively unzoned crystal facies, via a secondary reaction interface, is the first recognized stage of the ‘maturation process’ followed by homogenization of the trace elements seen largely in relatively unzoned crystal facies.

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Unraveling rare earth element signatures in hydrothermal carbonate minerals using a source–sink system

Cited by 92 publications

References 132 publications

Rare Earth Elements in Mineral Deposits: Speciation in Hydrothermal Fluids and Partitioning in Calcite

Rare Earth Elements in Mineral Deposits: Speciation in Hydrothermal Fluids and Partitioning in Calcite

Trace Element Analysis of Minerals in Magmatic-Hydrothermal Ores by Laser Ablation Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Approaches and Opportunities

In situ characterization of dolomite crystals: Evaluation of dolomitization process and its effect on zoning

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