Payback Calls: A Starting Point for Measuring Basketball Referee Bias and Impact on Team Performance

Rodenberg, Ryan M.; Lim, Choong Hoon

doi:10.1080/16184740903331853

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Based on our analyses, we conclude that red color does not enhance human performance in taekwondo, and that the evolutionary psychology of color theory (i.e., winning by wearing red is explained by an evolutionary or cultural association of the color with dominance and aggression), that might exert a psychological effect in an athlete who wears red does not apply to this combat sport. We suggest that their previous research might have been biased by not taking into consideration the human error in refereeing, a phenomena described before (Boyko, Boyko, & Boyko, 2007;Hagemann et al, 2008;Lopez & Snyder, 2013;Rodenberg & Choong Hoon, 2009). We agree with other interpretation that proposes the perception of colors triggers a psychological effect in referees that can lead to bias in evaluating identical performances (Hagemann et al, 2008), a subject that deserves further examination.…”

Section: Dicussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Untitled

2014

JPES

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Previous research supports the notion that wearing red color uniforms enhances human performance in sports competitions; however, such results might have been contaminated by referees' bias. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence red color in taekwondo fights when athletes wore a vest linked to an automatic scoring system. We evaluated 718 fights from the World Taekwondo Championships 2013. Potential moderator variables gender, weight category, competition round, victory method, and performance asymmetry were evaluated. A one-sample binomial test revealed that the proportion of winning a combat was similar when wearing red or blue uniforms (p = 0.478). A multiple logistic regression analysis failed to explain the influence of moderator variables in winning a combat (R 2 = 0.04). In conclusion, red color does not enhance human performance in Taekwondo. Previous research showing otherwise might have been biased by human error in refereeing.

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Section: Dicussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Untitled

2014

JPES

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“…However, Rodenberg and Lim (2009) adopted a more narrow focus on referee bias in basketball via analyzing payback calls against the Dallas Mavericks basketball team and found that one official had a "significant negative impact on the Mavericks' performance during the playoffs" (p. 381). It was within that same study that Rodenberg and Lim (2009) went on to conclude that retribution was "a likely explanation for any possible bias exhibited by such referee" (p. 381) against the Dallas Mavericks basketball team. Classic referee bias research within the game of basketball by Lehman and Reifman (1987) revealed that "star players in the NBA were called for fewer fouls at home than away, whereas nonstars were not" (p. 674).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decade of Referee Bias against College Football Programs from Historically Black Colleges and Universities

Dix¹

2017

IntJSCS

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The central objective of this investigation was to examine within game penalties that were levied against football programs from historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in the United States. Previous scholarship that sets an appropriate background on sports science and culture has revealed that referee bias has occurred in many European sports. It was in the methods section of this scholarship that statistical analyses were discussed in terms of game day penalties that occurred within the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) from the 2006 through the 2015 season. The results illustrated that referees penalized football teams from historically black college and universities (HBCUs) significantly more than football teams from predominantly white institutions (PWIs). An interpretation of this quantitative data was subsequently completed and Expectancy Violations Theory (EVT) was appropriately spotlighted in the discussion section of this study in an effort to assign meaning to the analytics of interest.

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“…The key difference between their papers and ours is our empirical strategy for identifying ref bias separate from player behavior. Rodenberg and Lim (2009) examine the hypothesis that refs were biased against one particular team, the Dallas Mavericks, and found little evidence in support of the hypothesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Subperfect Game: Profitable Biases of NBA Referees

Price

Remer

Stone

2012

Economics Manag Strategy

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This paper empirically investigates three hypotheses regarding biases of National Basketball Association referees. Identification of basketball referee bias is typically difficult as changes in observed statistics may be caused by either changes in referee bias or player behavior. We identify bias by exploiting the fact that referees have varying degrees of discretion over different types of a particular statistic-turnovers. This allows us to conduct a treatment and control-style analysis, using the less discretionary turnovers as the player behavior control. The results provide evidence that referees favor home teams, teams losing during games, and teams losing in playoff series. All three biases are likely to increase consumer demand.

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Payback Calls: A Starting Point for Measuring Basketball Referee Bias and Impact on Team Performance

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

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A Decade of Referee Bias against College Football Programs from Historically Black Colleges and Universities

Subperfect Game: Profitable Biases of NBA Referees

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