Patterns, Oscillations, and Microtornadoes: Extreme Events in Vapor-to-particle Reaction Zones

Thompson, Stephen P.; Shipman, Patrick D.

doi:10.1016/j.piutam.2013.09.013

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Despite the large decreases in the entropy of reaction for each successive n , the increase in the magnitude of the reaction enthalpy more than offsets this effect. These results are consistent with the fact that small clusters can stabilize at room temperature when the initial concentrations are low, but crystalline dispersions are observed when they are high. , …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Among other concerns, ammonium and sodium chlorides accelerate the corrosion of zinc, which itself is used for corrosion inhibition . At high concentrations and low relative humidity a dispersion of crystalline NH 4 Cl(s) particles is produced when NH 3 (g) and HCl (g) are combined at room temperature. , Conversely, under rarified conditions, the formation of a hydrogen-bonded NH 3 ···HCl monomer cluster is observed without proton transfer, connected by a hydrogen bond . At intermediate concentrations, the possible formation of airborne particles of the form (NH 4 Cl) n must also be considered. ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energetics, Thermodynamics, and Hydrogen Bonding Diversity in Ammonium Halide Clusters

2016

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Contributions from different intermolecular and interionic forces, as well as variations in bond energies, produce size-dependent variations in the structures of acid-base molecular clusters. In this work the structures and interaction energetics of cluster particles with the nominal formulas (NHX), X = (F, Cl, Br) are predicted using either "mag-walking" sawtooth simulated annealing Monte Carlo calculations or model building, followed by M06-2X or RI-MP2 geometry optimization and single-point energy calculations. Whereas the n = 1 clusters all exhibit a single hydrogen bond, small (NHF) particles (n = 2-5) exhibit three distinct types of hydrogen bonds as a function of size (traditional, ion-pair and proton-shared). However, (NHBr) and (NHCl) particles (n = 2-13) all solely exhibit ion-pair hydrogen bonding, with even values of n exhibiting pronounced relative stability. The computed differential interaction energy of the bromide and chloride systems is generally near the bulk limit of the difference in their accepted lattice energies, despite the fact that their structures do not resemble the bulk crystal structures. Nanoparticle growth reactions are predicted to be thermodynamically spontaneous under standard conditions, with significant size and system dependencies. This work is designed to further our understanding of the nature of hydrogen bonding and other intermolecular forces, particularly within ionic nanocrystallites, as well as the thermodynamics of cluster formation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetics, Thermodynamics, and Hydrogen Bonding Diversity in Ammonium Halide Clusters

2016

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“…(cf. corresponding figure on page 149 of reference 15 ). On the average, the displacement of the reaction front occurs with a constant mean velocity of about 7.92 × 10 −3 cm/s, determined by a linear regression of the data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent work, Thompson et al 15 described the outcome of a variety of experimental designs for the HCl/NH 3 system. An amazing amount of different three -dimensional structures of the reaction cloud such as micro-tornadoes, micro-stalagmites, or micro-hurricanes has been observed, which may lead to qualitatively different precipitation patterns of varying complexity.…”

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confidence: 99%

On the dynamics of Liesegang-type pattern formation in a gaseous system

Álvarez

Montoya

Buhse

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Liesegang pattern formations are widely spread in nature. In spite of a comparably simple experimental setup under laboratory conditions, a variety of spatio-temporal structures may arise. Presumably because of easier control of the experimental conditions, Liesegang pattern formation was mainly studied in gel systems during more than a century. Here we consider pattern formation in a gas phase, where beautiful but highly complex reaction-diffusion-convection dynamics are uncovered by means of a specific laser technique. A quantitative analysis reveals that two different, apparently independent processes, both highly correlated and synchronized across the extension of the reaction cloud, act on different time scales. Each of them imprints a different structure of salt precipitation at the tube walls.

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Preparation of isometric Liesegang patterns and application in multi-pulsed drug release system

Pan

Shi

et al. 2019

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Patterns, Oscillations, and Microtornadoes: Extreme Events in Vapor-to-particle Reaction Zones

Cited by 5 publications

References 65 publications

Energetics, Thermodynamics, and Hydrogen Bonding Diversity in Ammonium Halide Clusters

Energetics, Thermodynamics, and Hydrogen Bonding Diversity in Ammonium Halide Clusters

On the dynamics of Liesegang-type pattern formation in a gaseous system

Preparation of isometric Liesegang patterns and application in multi-pulsed drug release system

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