Patterns of Subsequent Progression of Localized Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defects on Red-free Fundus Photographs in Normal-tension Glaucoma

Abstract

PurposeTo investigate patterns of subsequent progression of localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects and to quantify the extent of progression in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients.MethodsThirty-three eyes of 33 consecutive NTG patients who had shown continuous progression of localized RNFL defect on serial red-free fundus photographs were selected for the study. Patterns of subsequent progression of localized RNFL defects were categorized, and extents of progression were quantified. Serial evaluations of disc stereophotographs and visual fields were also performed to detect progression.ResultsThe most common pattern was continuous widening of the defect towards the macula (n = 11, 33.3%) followed by sharpening of the defect border after widening of the defect towards the macula (n = 5, 15.2%), continuous widening of the defect away from the macula (n = 2, 6.1%), and deepening of the defect after appearance of a new defect (n = 2, 6.1%). Four eyes (12.1%) simultaneously showed two patterns of subsequent progression. In 13 eyes that showed continuous widening of the defect, subsequent angular widening towards the macula and away from the macula were 9.2 ± 6.0° (range, 1.1° to 24.4°; n = 11) and 5.2 ± 4.9° (range, 0.3° to 11.3°; n = 2), respectively. Thirty-two eyes showed no progression of optic disc cupping. Out of the 21 eyes in which Humphrey central 30-2 threshold visual field tests were performed after progression of RNFL defects, 15 eyes showed no deterioration in the visual field.ConclusionsThere were nine patterns of subsequent progression of localized RNFL defects. Among them, continuous RNFL loss proceeding temporally was the most common one. Initial progression of the defect proceeded temporally, especially in the defect located at the inferior fundus, might be at a risk of further RNFL loss temporally.

Wedge Defects on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Peripapillary Retina in Glaucoma: Prevalence and Associated Clinical Factors

“…Remarkably, RNFL remained significant after controlling for disease stage. This may reflect the widening and deepening of localized RNFL defects with disease progression 85–87. Further research on the relationship between wedge defects and disease severity may provide insight into glaucoma pathophysiology.…”