Patterns of reporting by health care and nonhealth care professionals to child protection services in Canada

Li, Y Anita; Williams, Gavin; Scott, Debbie; Jack, Susan M.

doi:10.1093/pch/15.8.e25

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Concerns about the child's behavioural, cognitive, emotional and physical health have consistently been shown as important in substantiation and placement decisions (e.g., McConnell et al 2011;Mennen et al 2010;Tonmyr et al 2010a;Trocmé et al 2004). Among the variables we tested, only toxicology at birth showed an increased association with placement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Infant Placement in Canadian Child Maltreatment-Related Investigations

Williams

Jack

MacMillan

2011

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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This study examined factors associated with decisions in favour of out-of-home placement following investigations involving infants at risk of maltreatment. We used data from a sample of children less than 1 year of age (n=763) investigated by child welfare services across Canada in 2003. We tested unadjusted relationships with placement using Pearson's chi-square statistic. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified parental substance abuse, mental health problems and few social supports as being associated with an increased likelihood of placement. Child's toxicology at birth, abandonment, physical harm and number of previous family openings also increased the likelihood of placement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In Canada, as in many other countries, professionals have the duty to report suspected child maltreatment to child welfare agencies (Tonmyr et al 2010a). In their investigations, child welfare workers must weigh concerns about safety against the need to minimize intrusiveness for the family (Doyle 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Placement in Canadian Child Maltreatment-Related Investigations

Williams

Jack

MacMillan

2011

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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“…The substantial overlap between IPV and moderate to severe forms of harsh parenting suggests that when IPV is identified by child-serving professionals, there is a need for further forensic evaluation to determine whether other forms of child-directed maltreatment are present. However, in many instances no further evaluation or referral occurs (Cross et al, 2012; Tonmyr, Li, Williams, Scott, & Jack, 2010). In addition, CPS caseworkers often are ineffective at identifying IPV when it exists or when it is identified often fail to refer families for IPV specific services (Kohl, Barth, Hazen, & Landsverk, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harsh Parenting As a Potential Mediator of the Association Between Intimate Partner Violence and Child Disruptive Behavior in Families With Young Children

Grasso

Henry

Kestler

et al. 2015

J Interpers Violence

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Young children living with intimate partner violence (IPV) are often also exposed to harsh parenting. Both forms of violence increase children’s risk for clinically significant disruptive behavior, which can place them on a developmental trajectory associated with serious psychological impairment later in life. Although it is hypothesized that IPV behaviors may spillover into harsh parenting, and thereby influence risk for disruptive behavior, relatively little is known about these processes in families with young children. The current study examines the overlap of the quality and frequency of psychological and physical forms of IPV and harsh parenting, and tests whether harsh parenting mediates the relationship between IPV and child disruptive behavior in a diverse cross-sectional sample of 81 children ages 4 to 6 years. Results suggest that mothers reporting a greater occurrence of psychologically aggressive IPV (e.g., yelling, name-calling) more often engage in psychological and physical aggression toward their children (odds ratios [ORs] = 4.6–9.9). Mothers reporting a greater occurrence of IPV in the form of physical assault more often engage in mild to more severe forms of physical punishment with potential harm to the child (ORs = 3.8–5.0). Psychological and physical forms of IPV and harsh parenting all significantly correlated with maternal reports of child disruptive behavior (r = .29–.40). Psychological harsh parenting partially mediated the association between psychological IPV and child disruptive behavior. However, a significant direct effect of psychological IPV on preschool children’s disruptive behavior remained. Implications for child welfare policy and practice and intervention, including the need for increased awareness of the negative impact of psychological IPV on young children, are discussed.

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“…Nursing and health literature confirm variations in and a general lack of compliance with reporting legislation by health providers internationally (Crisp & Lister, ; Eisbach & Driessnack, ; Fagan, ; Feng & Levine, ; Gilbert et al., ; Jones et al., ; Mathews & Kenny, ; Mathews, Walsh, & Fraser, ; McTavish et al., ; Nayda, , , ; Tonmyr, Li, Williams, Scott, & Jack, ). Although some analysts argue that nurses' lack of compliance is an inability to recognise CN&A or a lack of appreciation for its significance on child well‐being (e.g., Chihak, ; Fraser, Mathews, Walsh, Chen, & Dunne, ), a review of decisions of service providers to report CN&A by Mathews, Bromfield, Walsh, and Vimpani () describes an overall lack of research on factors that influence mandatory reporting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Beyond and around mandatory reporting in nursing practice: Interrupting a series of deferrals

2019

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Nurses are well positioned to contribute to child protection efforts but are underutilised. This paper describes a critical discursive analysis of nursing responses to child neglect and abuse (CN&A) in British Columbia, Canada. Legal and practice guidelines were analysed alongside nurse interview texts, offering a glimpse into how nurses prevent CN&A in their everyday practice with families. Results show how the primacy of mandatory reporting to child protection authorities coordinates a series of deferrals and how nurses engage with and interrupt these deferrals in everyday practice. Nurses' relational approaches are essential to gain access to the private sphere of the family to assess, plan, elicit cooperation with interventions and monitor the situation. They considered reporting to be one among many possible responses. This study highlights how nursing contributions to prevention are largely overlooked and points to the potential for a more significant role for nurses in a public health approach to child protection.

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Patterns of reporting by health care and nonhealth care professionals to child protection services in Canada

Abstract: The results indicate that health care professionals play an important role in identifying children in need of protection, considering harm and other child functioning issues. The authors discuss the reasons why under-reporting is likely to remain an issue.

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Infant Placement in Canadian Child Maltreatment-Related Investigations

Infant Placement in Canadian Child Maltreatment-Related Investigations

Harsh Parenting As a Potential Mediator of the Association Between Intimate Partner Violence and Child Disruptive Behavior in Families With Young Children

Beyond and around mandatory reporting in nursing practice: Interrupting a series of deferrals

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