Patterns of male‐specific inter‐population divergence in Europe, West Asia and North Africa

Abstract

We typed 1801 males from 55 locations for the Y‐specific binary markers YAP, DYZ3, SRY10831 and the (CA)n microsatellites YCAII and DYS413. Phylogenetic relationships of chromosomes with the same binary haplotype were condensed in seven large one‐step networks, which accounted for 95% of all chromosomes. Their coalescence ages were estimated based on microsatellite diversity. The three largest and oldest networks undergo sharp frequency changes in three areas. The more recent network 3.1A clearly discriminates between Western and Eastern European populations. Pairwise Fst showed an overall increment with increasing geographic distance but with a slope greatly reduced when compared to previous reports. By sectioning the entire data set according to geographic and linguistic criteria, we found higher Fst‐on‐distance slopes within Europe than in West Asia or across the two continents.

Human Y-chromosome variation in the Western Mediterranean area: implications for the peopling of the region

“…Molecular distances among biallelic haplogroups were computed by counting the number of mutations that separate two haplogroups on a most-parsimonious tree. Whether ST was significantly different from zero was assessed by examining the distribution of ST under a Sample corresponding to that previously reported [13]. b 26 of the 73 subjects were previously reported [13].…”

“…Whether ST was significantly different from zero was assessed by examining the distribution of ST under a Sample corresponding to that previously reported [13]. b 26 of the 73 subjects were previously reported [13]. c A subset of the mixed sample of 90 Corsican previously reported [13].…”

“…d A subset of the 76 subjects from Latium previously reported [13]. e A subset of the mixed sample of 189 Northern Sardinian previously reported [13]. f A subset of the 65 Wastern Sicilian previously reported [13].…”

“…f A subset of the 65 Wastern Sicilian previously reported [13]. g A subset of the North-Eastern Sicilian previously reported [13].…”

“…In addition, the following samples were analyzed for comparison: 171 from Northeastern Europe (35 from Denmark, 36 from Poland, 74 Estonian, and 26 Russians from Estonia), and 84 from the Middle East (27 Bedouin, 28 Druze, and 29 Palestinians from Israel) ( Table 1). Among the 1382 Y chromosomes, 711 (see legend of Table 1) had their haplotypes partially typed by Malaspina et al [13], and were further studied here by using 13 additional markers (SRY 4064 , PN2, DYS271, M9, M13, PN3, p12f2, M12, SRY Ϫ2627 , LLY22g, M20, TAT, and XY275Y).…”