Patterns of habitat use and activity in British populations of sika deer of contrasting environments

Mann, J.; Putman, R. J.

doi:10.4098/at.arch.89-5

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Seasonal patterns of habitat use by New Forest and agricultural fallow deer show parallels with those of sika deer reported by Mann & Putman (1989). New Forest sika showed pronounced seasonal variation in habitat use, largely in response to forage availability.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…In much the same way as patterns of habitat use by individuals may change seasonally to reflect changes in the resources offered by different habitats over time, pronounced intraspecific variation in habitat use may be observed between different populations of a given species occupying environments of different structure and composition as each adapts to fulfil the same basic requirements of food and shelter from the resources available at that particular site (Putman, 1988). This adaptability has been demonstrated by several cervid species, including red deer (Mitchell et al, 1977;Welch et al, 1990), sika deer (Mann & Putman, 1989) and roe deer Capreolus capreolus (Zejda & Homolka, 1980;Maublanc, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In the more temperate climate of the New Forest in southern England, however, whilst spring and summer horse distribution was primarily dictated by foraging, shelter from severe weather assumed a greater priority during the winter (Pratt et al, 1986). Amongst cervids, food and shelter have also been proposed as the major factors influencing habitat use for white-tailed deer (Murphy, Payne & Anderson, 1985;Beier & McCullough, 1990), black-tailed deer (Mackie, 1970;Loft, Menke & Burton, 1984), red deer (Mitchell et al, 1977;Clutton-Brock et al, 1982) and sika deer Cervus nippon (Mann & Putman, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of sex, season and habitat availability on patterns of habitat use by fallow deer (Dama dama)

Thirgood

1995

Journal of Zoology

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Diurnal habitat use by fallow deer Dama dama was studied between 1986–9 by direct observations from transects of eight populations in sites of differing environmental structure and composition. Sites chosen differed in the overall proportion of woodland cover, and ranged from virtually continuous woodland areas in the New Forest, southern England, to open agricultural sites with only scattered woodland copses. Within both New Forest and agricultural areas, individuals in male groups and female groups showed similar patterns of habitat use. In the New Forest, the habitat used most overall by both sexes was open woodland, with extensive use also made of grassland, woodland clearings and closed woodland. In agricultural areas, most extensive use was made of closed woodland, with open woodland, arable land and grassland used to a lesser extent. Individuals in mixed‐sex groups in the New Forest but not in agricultural areas made more extensive use of grasslands than those in single‐sex groups. Individuals in female groups in the New Forest showed pronounced seasonal variation in habitat use with utilization of open woodland higher in autumn and winter and grassland higher in spring and summer. Individuals in female groups in agricultural areas showed little seasonal variation in habitat use. There were insufficient data to investigate seasonal variation in habitat use by individuals in male and mixed‐sex groups. Availability of habitat types varied widely between study sites. Use of either open or closed woodland remained high in each site reflecting increased selection for woodland resources when they were of limited availability. Fallow deer appeared able to satisfy their ecological and behavioural requirements from a variety of environments through: (i) changing strength of selection of particular habitats to compensate for differing availability; and (ii) substitution of one habitat in one area for a different habitat in another area which offered the same effective resources. This flexibility in resource use parallels observed plasticity in other aspects of fallow behavioural ecology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of sex, season and habitat availability on patterns of habitat use by fallow deer (Dama dama)

Thirgood

1995

Journal of Zoology

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“…While this may be true for small animals with small home ranges, often comprising only one habitat, the situation is different in the case of ungulates, which usually occupy large home ranges and need several habitats to satisfy different requirements. Thus, cervids often utilise open habitats at night, when they feed, and move to closed ones during the daytime, when they rest (Loft et al 1984;Catt and Staines 1987;Mann and Putman 1989;Borkowski and Furubayashi 1998a). This implies that as food availability declines in conditions of increasing population density, the suitability of open habitats, offering no cover, may decrease faster than that of forested habitats, where cover is available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of the density of a sika deer population on activity, habitat use, and group size

Borkowski¹

2000

Can. J. Zool.

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The influence of population density of sika deer (Cervus nippon) on their activity, habitat use, and habitatrelated group size was studied in the area of Japan's Tanzawa Mountains in early winter. The percentage of active sika deer was higher in January 1994 (a low-density period) than in January 1995 (a high-density period). The pattern of habitat use differed between periods. During the high-density period, deer increased their relative use of lower quality habitats. A possible mechanism and implications of this are discussed. Changes in population density had a positive effect on group size in sika deer, though the variation among habitat types supported the hypothesis that food biomass is an important determinant of group size.

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“…This result suggests that cover plays a primary role during winter. Because it is well documented that cervids forage predominantly at night in open areas and rest in more closed habitats during the day (thus making use of security cover: Loft et al, 1984;Catt and Staines, 1987;Mann and Putman, 1989), it has been commonly thought that cervids use cover primarily during periods of inactivity. Generally, security cover prevents the animal from being seen by an observer located on the ground.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Bark stripping by red deer in a post-disturbance area: The importance of security cover

Borkowski

Ukalski

2012

Forest Ecology and Management

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Patterns of habitat use and activity in British populations of sika deer of contrasting environments

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

The effects of sex, season and habitat availability on patterns of habitat use by fallow deer (Dama dama)

The effects of sex, season and habitat availability on patterns of habitat use by fallow deer (Dama dama)

Influence of the density of a sika deer population on activity, habitat use, and group size

Bark stripping by red deer in a post-disturbance area: The importance of security cover

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