Influence of the density of a sika deer population on activity, habitat use, and group size

Borkowski, Jakub

doi:10.1139/z00-071

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Therefore the area occupied by this species (and presumably total population size) was smaller in more closed environments. Higher population densities, possibly related to larger group sizes (e.g., Khan et al, 1996;Borkowski, 2000) in open environments may have selected for reduced body size of E. ferus, because resources available for an individual were limited by intraspecific competition. We suggest that this combination of open-adaptedness and gregarious behaviour leading to large population densities in favourable conditions (open environments), is the most plausible explanation for the observed body size pattern of horses.…”

Section: Body Size and Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar case is the extant North American bison (Bison bison). According to Meagher (1986) the woodland subspecies (B. b. athabascae) is on average larger and moves in smaller groups than the plains subspecies (B. b. bison) which tends to form larger herds (probably increasing population density and intraspecific resource competition [see Khan et al, 1996;Borkowski, 2000]). Moreover, tests on the North American wapiti (Cervus elaphus canadensis) have shown that in a controlled situation where two populations, one with high density and one with low density, were compared yearly between 1998 and 2001, mean body mass was always reduced in the high-density population (Stewart et al, 2005).…”

Section: Body Size and Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, it has been suggested that smaller body sizes could be beneficial in closed environments because of easier maneuverability (Bro-Jør-gensen, 2008). However, the relationship between body size and vegetational environment is likely to be complex: body size could also be smaller in open habitats, especially in gregarious ungulate species, because their tendency to form larger groups in open environments could in fact result in increased population densities (Khan et al, 1996;Borkowski, 2000). This could limit the resources available for each individual, resulting in smaller body size via intraspecific competition (e.g., Wolverton et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation

Saarinen

Eronen

Seppä

et al. 2016

Palaeontologia Electronica

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Ungulate diets may vary following differences in vegetation, and their body size is affected by a complex set of ecological and physiological variables. Here we analyse Middle and Late Pleistocene British and German ungulate palaeocommunities to test whether there are significant correlations of diet and body size of ungulate species with vegetation openness. We also evaluate the role of interspecific interactions on the diet and body mass of the ungulate species. We use mesowear for dietary analyses and regression equations for estimating body mass from skeletal measures. The results show a correlation between ungulate mesowear and non-arboreal pollen percentages of the localities, but there are marked differences between species. Body masses of rhinoceroses (Rhinocerotidae) and deer (Cervidae) are on average higher in open environments, whereas aurochs (Bos primigenius) does not show clear connection of body size with vegetational conditions, and bison (Bison spp.) and wild horses (Equus ferus) have on average smaller mean size in more open ecosystems, possibly because of high population densities and resulting resource limitations. It is evident that the correlation of body size and vegetation openness is not straightforward and is likely to reflect the varying effects of population density, ecological adaptations and environmental conditions on body size in different species.

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Section: Body Size and Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Body Size and Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation

Saarinen

Eronen

Seppä

et al. 2016

Palaeontologia Electronica

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“…Because female white-tailed deer associate within matrilineal social groups while males tend to be alone or in small groups outside the breeding period (Nixon et al, 1991), these social groups may not change in size with deer density. However, changes in population density or size (Borowski, 2000;Hebblewhite and Pletscher, 2002) may affect the frequency and intensity of interactions among deer within or among social groups (Hirth, 1977;Nixon et al, 1991;Grenier et al, 1999;Kie and Bowyer, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Epidemiology of Chronic Wasting Disease in Wisconsin White-Tailed Deer

Joly

Samuel

Langenberg

et al. 2006

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

112

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ABSTRACT:Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal, emerging disease of cervids associated with transmissible protease-resistant prion proteins. The potential for CWD to cause dramatic declines in deer and elk populations and perceived human health risks associated with consuming CWDcontaminated venison have led wildlife agencies to embark on extensive CWD control programs, typically involving culling to reduce deer populations. We characterized the spatial distribution of CWD in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Wisconsin to facilitate CWD management. We found that CWD prevalence declined with distance from a central location, was locally correlated at a scale of 3.6 km, and was correlated with deer habitat abundance. The latter result is consistent with patterns expected for a positive relationship between density and prevalence of CWD. We recommend management activities focused on culling in geographic areas with high prevalence to have the greatest probability of removing infected individuals. Further research is needed to elucidate the factors involved in CWD spread and infection rates, especially the role of density-dependent transmission.

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“…If Lyddeker ' s observations are representative, this would suggest a major shift in social structure over the past century. Group size in some ungulates is known to increase with population size (Borkowski 2000 ), so the smaller groups seen today might refl ect a population decline from a century ago. Alternatively, smaller group sizes today could refl ect declines in predation risk (Hamilton 1971 ) or resource distribution (Jarman 1974 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, population size, and structure of Himalayan grey goral Naemorhedus goral bedfordi (Cetartiodactyla: Bovidae) in Pakistan

i-Abbas¹,

Ruckstuhl²,

Mian³

et al. 2012

Mammalia

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Himalayan grey goral ( Naemorhedus goral bedfordi ) is a Red List (Near Threatened) member of Caprinae endemic to Asia, occupying the south-facing slopes of the Himalaya Mountains. The species is listed as Vulnerable on the National Pakistan Red List, but the distribution and abundance of the species within the nation is poorly known. We conducted a national census of Himalayan grey goral in Pakistan during 2002 -2004, with the objective of documenting the geographic locations of populations, estimating population size, and describing group sizes and sex ratios. We conducted a direct count census in 98 sites distributed over the 4839 km 2 of suitable grey goral habitat. We counted 172 unique grey goral individuals: 143 adults and 29 subadults. We estimated a minimum of 370 -1017 grey goral in Pakistan distributed in seven isolated populations. The adult sex ratio was female-biased nearly 2:1, and the mean size of social groups was 1.72 ± 0.11 SE individuals. Our data support the National Red List status of Himalayan grey goral as Vulnerable, because no subpopulation probably contains > 1000 individuals. We are unable to account for the sex ratio bias. Social group size is comparable with contemporary observations from India, but much lower than that reported a century ago. A national population viability analysis is needed for this species.

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Influence of the density of a sika deer population on activity, habitat use, and group size

Cited by 43 publications

References 39 publications

Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation

Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation

Spatial Epidemiology of Chronic Wasting Disease in Wisconsin White-Tailed Deer

Distribution, population size, and structure of Himalayan grey goral Naemorhedus goral bedfordi (Cetartiodactyla: Bovidae) in Pakistan

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