Patterns of diversity and abundance of fleas and mites in the Neotropics: host‐related, parasite‐related and environment‐related factors

Linardi, Pedro Marcos; Krasnov, Boris R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01025.x

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In nonhuman primates, Nunn et al (2005) found no significant relationship between parasite species richness and latitude when all parasite types were combined, and only protozoan species richness was significantly and negatively correlated with latitude when analyzed separately. Using small mammals from Brazil, Linardi and Krasnov (2013) found that flea species richness was not significantly related to latitude and mite species richness was significantly and positively correlated with latitude, with mite richness increasing with distance from the equator. Further, when parasite species were broken down into groups of helminths, protozoa, bacteria and viruses, only helminth species richness was positively and significantly correlated with latitude (Lindenfors et al 2007).…”

Section: A Review Of Past Studies On the Latitudinal Diversity Pattermentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Distributed worldwide, rodents are often involved in zoonotic disease cycles and are expected to become the most prevalent mammals in environments with increasing anthropogenic changes (Bordes et al 2015), yet investigations of the biogeographical patterns of much of their parasite fauna are lacking (but see Krasnov et al 2004, Linardi andKrasnov 2013). Distributed worldwide, rodents are often involved in zoonotic disease cycles and are expected to become the most prevalent mammals in environments with increasing anthropogenic changes (Bordes et al 2015), yet investigations of the biogeographical patterns of much of their parasite fauna are lacking (but see Krasnov et al 2004, Linardi andKrasnov 2013).…”

Section: A Review Of Past Studies On the Latitudinal Diversity Pattermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latitudinal gradients of parasite richness: a review and new insights from helminths of cricetid rodents

Preisser

2019

Ecography

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The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), or the trend of higher species richness at lower latitudes, has been well documented in multiple groups of free-living organisms. Investigations of the LDG in parasitic organisms are comparatively scarce. Here, I investigated latitudinal patterns of parasite diversity by reviewing published studies and by conducting a novel investigation of the LDG of helminths (parasitic nematodes, trematodes and cestodes) of cricetid rodents (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Using host-parasite records from 175 parasite communities and 60 host species, I tested for the presence and direction of a latitudinal pattern of helminth richness. Additionally, I examined four abiotic factors (mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, annual temperature range and annual precipitation range) and two biotic variables (host body mass and host diet) as potential correlates of parasite richness. The analyses were performed with and without phylogenetic comparative methods, as necessary. In this system, helminths followed the traditional LDG, with increasing species richness with decreasing latitude. Nematode richness appeared to drive this pattern, as cestodes and trematodes exhibited a reverse LDG and no latitudinal pattern, respectively. Overall helminth richness and nematode richness were higher in areas with higher mean annual temperatures, annual precipitation and annual precipitation ranges and lower annual temperature ranges, characteristics that often typify lower latitudes. Cestode richness was higher in areas of lower mean annual temperatures, annual precipitation and annual precipitation ranges and higher annual temperature ranges, while trematode richness showed no relationship with climate variables when phylogenetic comparative methods were used. Host diet was significantly correlated with cestode and trematode species richness, while host body mass was significantly correlated with nematode species richness. Results of this study support a complex association between parasite richness and latitude, and indicate that researchers should carefully consider other factors when trying to understand diversity gradients in parasitic organisms.

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Section: A Review Of Past Studies On the Latitudinal Diversity Pattermentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: A Review Of Past Studies On the Latitudinal Diversity Pattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal gradients of parasite richness: a review and new insights from helminths of cricetid rodents

Preisser

2019

Ecography

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“…Other sex and age preferences result from grooming because males are more efficient groomers than females and adults groom more than young individuals. Regarding environmental factors, Linardi and Krasnov (2013) observed that in three hosts ( Monodelphis domestica , Necromys lasiurus , and Oligoryzomys eliurus ) collected at different localities across Brazil, the mean flea abundance significantly increased with an increase in the mean annual air temperature and the proximity to the equator. For both M. domestica and N. lasiurus , abundance also decreased with altitude.…”

Section: Infestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neosomes of tungid fleas on wild and domestic animals

Linardi

Avelar

2014

Parasitol Res

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Tunga is the most specialized genus among the Siphonaptera because adult females penetrate into the skin of their hosts and, after mating and fertilization, undergo hypertrophy, forming an enlarged structure known as the neosome. In humans and other warm-blooded animals, neosomes cause tungiasis, which arises due to the action of opportunistic agents. Although its effects on humans and domestic animals are well described in the literature, little is known about the impact of tungiasis on wild animals. This review focuses on the morphology, taxonomy, geographical distribution, hosts, prevalence, sites of attachment, and impact of tungid neosomes on wild and domestic animals. Because neosomes are the most characteristic form of the genus Tunga and also the form most frequently found in hosts, they are here differentiated and illustrated to aid in the identification of the 13 currently known species. Perspectives for future studies regarding the possibility of discovering other sand flea species, adaptation to new hosts, and the transfer of tungids between hosts in natural and modified habitats are also presented.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00436-014-4081-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Most factors fall broadly into 2 categories: host factors and environmental factors. Host factors encompass a range of attributes, including individual-level properties (such as sex, age, body condition, and health), species-level properties such as taxonomy and life history (e.g., body size, longevity, sociality), and community-level properties such as host density and host composition and diversity (Krasnov et al, 2002c;Stanko et al, 2002;Linardi and Krasnov, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative importance of host versus environmental factors in driving prevalence and intensity of flea parasitism may vary based on spatial scale, while effects operating at different scales may in turn interact (Linardi and Krasnov, 2013). In this study, we examine the relative importance of a suite of both environmental and host factors in explaining variation in the intensity and prevalence of flea parasitism across small mammal communities in central Kenya.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of Intensity and Prevalence of Flea Parasitism on Small Mammals in East African Savanna Ecosystems

Young

Dirzo

McCauley

et al. 2015

Journal of Parasitology

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Patterns of diversity and abundance of fleas and mites in the Neotropics: host‐related, parasite‐related and environment‐related factors

Cited by 31 publications

References 55 publications

Latitudinal gradients of parasite richness: a review and new insights from helminths of cricetid rodents

Latitudinal gradients of parasite richness: a review and new insights from helminths of cricetid rodents

Neosomes of tungid fleas on wild and domestic animals

Drivers of Intensity and Prevalence of Flea Parasitism on Small Mammals in East African Savanna Ecosystems

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