“…The severity of avalanche injury is generally based on several factors: depth of burial, length of burial, airway obstruction, and concurrent trauma. [82][83][84] Avalanche rescue and resuscitation have been advanced by an improved understanding of snow burial physiology, including cooling, afterdrop, and the role of exhaled carbon dioxide. [85,86] Technologic advances designed to mitigate the risk of avalanche-associated injury and death include exhaled air diversion devices, flotation devices, and transceivers.…”