Patterns of Cumulative Abuse Among Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

Davies, Lorraine; Ford‐Gilboe, Marilyn; Willson, Andrea E.; Varcoe, Colleen; Wuest, Judith; Campbell, Jacquelyn C.; Scott‐Storey, Kelly

doi:10.1177/1077801214564076

Cited by 79 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Survivors of these types of trauma are more likely experience arthritis, chronic pain, digestive problems, cancer, depression and addiction (Handley et al, 2015;Lopez-Martinez et al, 2016). Further, survivors of multiple types (e.g., childhood abuse and IPV) and more severe abuse experience cumulatively increased risk for health problems (Davies et al, 2015). Survivors' increased health risks are further complicated when inadvertently re-traumatising or distressing healthcare experiences act as barriers to accessing needed care (Cadman, Waller, Ashdown-Barr, & Szarewski, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Describing the healthcare experiences and strategies of women survivors of violence

Reeves

Humphreys

2018

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Describing the healthcare experiences and strategies of women survivors of violence

Reeves

Humphreys

2018

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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“…Furthermore, the most common approach to scoring the Canadian GSS has been to count acts consistent with criminal code violations,4 generally physical and sexual assault. Overall, these narrow approaches have been widely criticised for oversimplifying the nature of IPV, ignoring the situational, cultural, and historical and gendered context in which IPV occurs11 12 and for overlooking the independent and cumulative effects of different types of violence 1314…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a brief measure of intimate partner violence experiences: the Composite Abuse Scale (Revised)—Short Form (CAS_R-SF)

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesApproaches to measuring intimate partner violence (IPV) in populations often privilege physical violence, with poor assessment of other experiences. This has led to underestimating the scope and impact of IPV. The aim of this study was to develop a brief, reliable and valid self-report measure of IPV that adequately captures its complexity.DesignMixed-methods instrument development and psychometric testing to evolve a brief version of the Composite Abuse Scale (CAS) using secondary data analysis and expert feedback.SettingData from 5 Canadian IPV studies; feedback from international IPV experts.Participants31 international IPV experts including academic researchers, service providers and policy actors rated CAS items via an online survey. Pooled data from 6278 adult Canadian women were used for scale development.Primary/secondary outcome measuresScale reliability and validity; robustness of subscales assessing different IPV experiences.ResultsA 15-item version of the CAS has been developed (Composite Abuse Scale (Revised)—Short Form, CASR-SF), including 12 items developed from the original CAS and 3 items suggested through expert consultation and the evolving literature. Items cover 3 abuse domains: physical, sexual and psychological, with questions asked to assess lifetime, recent and current exposure, and abuse frequency. Factor loadings for the final 3-factor solution ranged from 0.81 to 0.91 for the 6 psychological abuse items, 0.63 to 0.92 for the 4 physical abuse items, and 0.85 and 0.93 for the 2 sexual abuse items. Moderate correlations were observed between the CASR-SF and measures of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and coercive control. Internal consistency of the CASR-SF was 0.942. These reliability and validity estimates were comparable to those obtained for the original 30-item CAS.ConclusionsThe CASR-SF is brief self-report measure of IPV experiences among women that has demonstrated initial reliability and validity and is suitable for use in population studies or other studies. Additional validation of the 15-item scale with diverse samples is required.

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“…More severe violence has also been associated with greater isolation and with more significant social and economic impacts (34,35). Our results suggest that the tailored online intervention has specific benefits and may be an effective means of safely engaging groups of women who may be harder to reach with conventional services, including those women dealing with both more severe violence and greater economic and social disadvantages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Longitudinal Impacts of an Online Safety and Health Intervention for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence: Randomized Controlled Trial

Ford‐Gilboe

Varcoe

Scott‐Storey

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Responding to intimate partner violence (IPV) and its consequences is made complex by women’s diverse needs, priorities and contexts. Tailored online IPV interventions that account for differences among women have potential to reduce barriers to support and improve key outcomes. Methods: Double blind randomized controlled trial of 462 Canadian adult women who experienced recent IPV randomly were assigned to receive either a tailored, interactive online safety and health intervention (iCAN Plan 4 Safety) or a static, non-tailored version of this tool. Primary (depressive symptoms, PTSD symptoms) and secondary (helpfulness of safety actions, confidence in safety planning, mastery, social support, experiences of coercive control, and decisional conflict) outcomes were measured at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months later via online surveys. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to test for differences in outcomes by study arm. Differential effects of the tailored intervention for 4 strata of women were examined using effect sizes. Exit survey process evaluation data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests and conventional content analysis. Results: Women in both tailored and non-tailored groups improved over time on primary outcomes of depression (p<.001) and PTSD (p<.001) and on all secondary outcomes. Changes over time did not differ by study arm. Women in both groups reported high levels of benefit, safety and accessibility of the online interventions, with low risk of harm, although those completing the tailored intervention were more positive about fit and helpfulness. Importantly, the tailored intervention had greater positive effects for 4 groups of women, those: with children under 18 living at home; reporting more severe violence; living in medium-sized and large urban centers; and not living with a partner. Conclusion: This trial extends evidence about the effectiveness of online safety and health interventions for women experiencing IPV to Canadian women and provides a contextualized understanding about intervention processes and effects useful for future refinement and scale up. The differential effects of the tailored intervention found for specific subgroups support the importance of attending to diverse contexts and needs. iCAN is a promising intervention that can complement resources available to Canadian women experiencing IPV.

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Patterns of Cumulative Abuse Among Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

Cited by 79 publications

References 41 publications

Describing the healthcare experiences and strategies of women survivors of violence

Describing the healthcare experiences and strategies of women survivors of violence

Development of a brief measure of intimate partner violence experiences: the Composite Abuse Scale (Revised)—Short Form (CAS_R-SF)

Longitudinal Impacts of an Online Safety and Health Intervention for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence: Randomized Controlled Trial

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Patterns of Cumulative Abuse Among Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

Cited by 79 publications

References 41 publications

Describing the healthcare experiences and strategies of women survivors of violence

Describing the healthcare experiences and strategies of women survivors of violence

Development of a brief measure of intimate partner violence experiences: the Composite Abuse Scale (Revised)—Short Form (CASR-SF)

Longitudinal Impacts of an Online Safety and Health Intervention for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence: Randomized Controlled Trial

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Development of a brief measure of intimate partner violence experiences: the Composite Abuse Scale (Revised)—Short Form (CAS_R-SF)