When some twenty-five years ago the American geographical community sought to inventory its accomplishments and envision its prospects, there was no hesitation in designating one of the chapters as simply &dquo;Urban Geography&dquo;(James and Jones, 1954). During the first decade after World War II, one which saw the brash adolescence of urban geography, there was a youthful certainty that there is an order in human affairs and it may best be read in the newest thoughts. In the quarter century that has passed since 1953, we have begun to see two frailties of such thinking: it is indeed doubtful that the ordering of human affairs is as neat and immutable as it then seemed; and it is pretty clear that the present gives us at best only a partial indication of both the nature and the provenance of what limited order may exist.Today it is hard to talk about &dquo;urban geography&dquo; because that title would seem to suggest an internally coherent body of study comprehending all geographers' work on cities as distinguished from efforts to study other aspects of geographical concern. Yet reflection on the current state of the field hardly substantiates such a belief. There is much work on cities that does not fall operationally under the disciplinary category of urban geography, and there is considerable work undertaken by &dquo;urban geographers&dquo; which is no more than locationally concerned with urban places. Because so large a part of the national population now resides in cities, much that happens is &dquo;urban,&dquo; but this attribution is more locative than causative. Thus, we should begin by stating clearly that urban geography is not simply a special case of regional geography. If such were true, there would be no more need for urban geography than the profession has found for &dquo;rural geography.&dquo; For there to be a specialized field, such as we have under consideration, there is need for a better intellectual base than simple location. To find that base we must consider what intellectual craving has led us to shape the field of urban geography, as most continuing academic fields finally must rest upon man's hunger for fact, process, and understanding.In Western civilization, at least since classical times, the city and the countryside have been seen not merely as different places but also as the homes of rather culturally distinct groups. In the Roman world the city dominated, but