Pattern recognition receptors confer plant salt tolerance via WRKY18/WRKY40 transcription factors

Loo, Eliza Po‐iian; Tajima, Yoshitsugu; Yamada, Kohji; Hirase, Taishi; Ariga, Hiroyoshi; Fujiwara, Tadashi; Tanaka, Keisuke; Taji, Teruaki; Somssich, Imre E.; Parker, Jane E.; Saijo, Yusuke

doi:10.1101/2020.05.07.082172

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…The spectrum of effectiveness of the biological control activity seems to be relatively unspecific, as besides the soil-borne fungal diseases mentioned above, WCS417 was demonstrated to control other soil-borne diseases, such as bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Ran et al 2005) and the nematode Xiphinema index (Canchignia et al 2017). In a recent study, colonization of the roots of peppermint (Mentha piperita) by WCS417 improved the antioxidant status of plants grown under drought stress leading to enhanced drought tolerance (Chiappero et al 2019), and in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) it improved salt tolerance (Loo et al 2020). Hence, WCS417 emerged as a versatile biocontrol agent with capacities that enable it to suppress various soilborne pathogens in a wide range of plant species, and to improve tolerance against abiotic stresses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas simiae WCS417: star track of a model beneficial rhizobacterium

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Background Since the 1980s, numerous mutualistic Pseudomonas spp. strains have been used in studies on the biology of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their interactions with host plants. In 1988, a strain from the Pseudomonas fluorescens group, WCS417, was isolated from lesions of wheat roots growing in a take-all disease-suppressive soil. In subsequent trials, WCS417 limited the build-up of take-all disease in field-grown wheat and significantly increased wheat yield. In 1991, WCS417 was featured in one of the first landmark studies on rhizobacteria-induced systemic resistance (ISR), in which it was shown to confer systemic immunity in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) against Fusarium wilt. The discovery that WCS417 conferred systemic immunity in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana in 1996 incited intensive research on the molecular mechanisms by which PGPR promote plant growth and induce broad-spectrum disease resistance in plants. Since then, the strain name appeared in over 750 studies on beneficial plant-microbe interactions. Scope In this review, we will highlight key discoveries in plant-microbe interactions research that have emerged from over 30 years of research featuring WCS417 as a model rhizobacterial strain. WCS417 was instrumental in improving our understanding of the microbial determinants that are involved in root colonization and the establishment of mutually beneficial interactions with the host plant. The model strain also provided novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of plant growth promotion and the onset and expression of rhizobacteria-ISR. More recently, WCS417 has been featured in studies on host immune evasion during root colonization, and chemical communication in the rhizosphere during root microbiome assembly. Conclusions Numerous studies on the modes of action of WCS417 have provided major conceptual advances in our understanding of how free-living mutualists colonize the rhizosphere, modulate plant immunity, and promote plant growth. The concepts may prove useful in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in other binary plant-beneficial microbe interactions, and in more complex microbial community contexts, such as the root microbiome.

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confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas simiae WCS417: star track of a model beneficial rhizobacterium

et al. 2020

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“…This is one of the most diverse families of transcriptional regulators in plants, and its members are essential components of signaling webs that control a variety of plant activities (Rushton et al, 2010 ); they comprise key plant stress response genes and are involved in multiple immune regulation processes, including both ETI and PTI. WRKY TFs have been reported to promote secondary metabolite synthesis, enhance plant salt tolerance, participate in response to fungus infection (Loo et al, 2020 ), and contribute to bacterial resistance. For example, overexpression of OsWRKYL3 in rice can increase resistance to bacterial blight and rice blast, and it contributes to the disease resistance response mediated by the major resistance factor Xa3/Xa26 (Qiu et al, 2007 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Piper Species Upon Infection by the Oomycete Phytophthora Capsici

et al. 2022

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Phytophthora capsici is a destructive oomycete pathogen that causes devastating disease in black pepper, resulting in a significant decline in yield and economic losses. Piper nigrum (black pepper) is documented as susceptible to P. capsici, whereas its close relative Piper flaviflorum is known to be resistant. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the resistance of P. flaviflorum remains obscure. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptome and metabolome analysis between P. flaviflorum and P. nigrum upon P. capsici infection and found substantial differences in their gene expression profiles, with altered genes being significantly enriched in terms relating to plant-pathogen interaction, phytohormone signal transduction, and secondary metabolic pathways, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Further metabolome analysis revealed the resistant P. flaviflorum to have a high background endogenous ABA reservoir and time-course-dependent accumulation of ABA and SA upon P. capsici inoculation, while the susceptible P. nigrum had a high background endogenous IAA reservoir and time-course-dependent accumulation of JA-Ile, the active form of JA. Investigation of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis metabolome further indicated the resistant P. flaviflorum to have more accumulation of lignin precursors than the susceptible P. nigrum, resulting in a higher accumulation after inoculation. This study provides an overall characterization of biologically important pathways underlying the resistance of P. flaviflorum, which theoretically explains the advantage of using this species as rootstock for the management of oomycete pathogen in black pepper production.

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“…To investigate whether the lack of FER or HERK1/THE1-4 had an effect on salt-induced gene expression levels, we selected three salt-induced marker genes [17], [40]- [42] and checked their expression in response to salt application.…”

Section: Herk1the1-4 and Fer-4 Mutants Are Affected In Early Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose ProPEP3, WRKY40 and RRTF1 because they are strongly induced within 1 h from salt application and because they have been described responsive to a wide number of salt dependent modifications, like cell wall changes, ABAdependent signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) [17], [40]- [42] (Table S2). We treated wt, fer-4 and herk1the1-4 seedlings for 1 h and found that the expression level of salt responsive genes was higher in response to salt in the mutant lines when compared to the wt controls ( Figure 1D).…”

Section: Herk1the1-4 and Fer-4 Mutants Are Affected In Early Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To investigate whether the lack of FER or HERK1/THE1-4 had an effect on salt-induced gene expression levels, we selected three salt-induced marker genes (Engelsdorf et al, 2018;Loo et al, 2020;Nakaminami et al, 2018;Soliman and Meyer, 2019) and checked their expression in response to salt application. We chose ProPEP3, WRKY40 and RRTF1 because they are strongly induced within 1 h from salt application and because they have been described responsive to a wide number of salt dependent modifications, like cell wall changes, ABA-dependent signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Engelsdorf et al, 2018;Loo et al, 2020;Nakaminami et al, 2018;Soliman and Meyer, 2019) (Table S2).…”

Section: Herk1the1-4 and Fer-4 Mutants Are Affected In Early Responses To Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arabidopsis root responses to salinity depend on pectin modification and cell wall sensing

Gigli-Bisceglia

Zelm

Huo

et al. 2020

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Soil salinity is an increasing worldwide problem for agriculture, affecting plant growth and yield. In our attempt to understand the molecular mechanisms activated in response to salt in plants, we investigated the Catharanthus roseus Receptor like Kinase 1 Like (CrRLK1L) family, which contains well described sensors previously shown to be involved in maintaining and sensing the structural integrity of the cell walls. We have observed that herk1the1-4 double mutants, lacking the function of the Arabidopsis thaliana Receptor like Kinase HERKULES1 combined with a gain of function allele of THESEUS1, phenocopied the phenotypes previously reported in plants lacking FERONIA (FER) function. We report that both fer-4 and herk1the1-4 mutants respond strongly to salt application, resulting in a more intense activation of early and late stress responses. We also show that salt triggers de-methyl esterification of loosely bound pectins. These cell wall modifications might be partly responsible for the activation of the signaling pathways required to activate salt stress responses. In fact, by adding calcium chloride or by chemically inhibiting pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity we observed reduced activation of the early signaling protein Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase 6 (MPK6) as well as a reduced amplitude in salt-induced marker gene induction. We show that MPK6 is required for the full induction of the salt-induced gene expression markers we tested. However, the sodium specific root halotropism response is likely regulated by a different branch of the pathway being independent of MPK6 or calcium application but influenced by the cell wall sensors FER/HERK1/THE1-4 and PME activity. We hypothesize a model where salt-triggered modification of pectin requires the functionality of FER alone or the HERK1/THE1 combination to attenuate salt responses. Collectively, our results show the complexity of salt stress responses and salt sensing mechanisms and their connection to cell wall modifications, likely being in part responsible for the response phenotypes observed in salt treated plants.

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Pattern recognition receptors confer plant salt tolerance via WRKY18/WRKY40 transcription factors

Cited by 4 publications

References 95 publications

Pseudomonas simiae WCS417: star track of a model beneficial rhizobacterium

Pseudomonas simiae WCS417: star track of a model beneficial rhizobacterium

Comparative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Piper Species Upon Infection by the Oomycete Phytophthora Capsici

Arabidopsis root responses to salinity depend on pectin modification and cell wall sensing

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