Pattern recognition receptor polymorphisms in early periodontitis

Abstract

Background: Even though bacteria trigger inflammation, most of the tissue destruction in periodontitis is due to the host inflammatory response. In addition to immunological events that drive development of early periodontitis, numerous environmental factors like genetics and smoking play a role. We investigated whether the carriage of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of toll-like receptors (TLR), NOD-like receptors (NLR) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLR) was associated with the diagnosis of early periodontitis in a case-control study.Methods: Adolescents with positive (n = 87) and negative (n = 73) diagnosis for periodontitis had blood samples taken. All participants were genotyped for 42 SNP in the genes encoding TLR1-10, NOD1-2, DDX58, and IFIH1 using multiplex assays. Associations between SNP and periodontitis diagnosis were tested.Results: TLR1-rs5743611 showed protective effect for periodontitis (CC versus GG and GC, P = 0.01, odds ratio [OR] 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01-0.78). Carriage of the TLR4-rs7873784 was associated with higher odds for periodontitis (GG versus CC and GC, P = 0.05, OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.00-5.63; GG versus GC, P = 0.05, OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.01-5.99). In male participants, reduced susceptibility to periodontitis was observed in carriers of TLR7-rs3853839 (CC versus GG and CG, P = 0.02, OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11-0.85) and TLR8-rs3764879 (CC versus GG and CG, P = 0.02, OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12-0.82). Associations were maintained after adjustments for sex, smoking habits, and mother´s education. Conclusion:This study demonstrated an association between TLR1-rs5743611, TLR4-rs7873784, TLR7-rs3853839, and TLR8-rs3764879 and susceptibility to periodontitis in adolescents. K E Y W O R D Sgenetics; immunity, innate; periodontitis; polymorphism, genetic J Periodontol. 2019;90:647-654.

Association of TLR-2 Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk of Periodontitis: A Meta-Analysis

“…The results showed that the rs1898830 (A>G) was at a decreased risk of chronic periodontitis in Asians under the allelic model (A VS. G) and codominant model (GG VS. AA). Four papers studying rs1898830 showed that the polymorphism of this gene was not significantly correlated with the periodontitis susceptibility [18,19,25,29], which was inconsistent with the results of our meta-analysis. In Richer et al, the gene distribution of the control group in the study of this locus of gene rs1898830 did not conform to the HWE, so we did not include Richer data in the analysis of this gene polymorphism.…”

“…The full text of the remaining 60 articles was reviewed in detail, and 46 of these were subsequently excluded. Therefore, fourteen articles representing eighteen case-control studies involving 3873 patients and 3438 control subjects were included in our meta-analysis [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Comprising CP and/or AgP were comprehensively assessed against the inclusion criteria.…”

“…The pooled ORs from the overall study with 2849 periodontitis patients and 2922 controls found a significant association between rs1898830 and chronic periodontitis risk under the allelic model (A allele vs. G allele: p = 0:014, OR = 1:208, 95% CI: 1.039-1.406), recessive model (GG vs. GA+AA: p = 0:028, OR = 0:755, 95% CI: 0.588-0.970), and codominant model (GG VS. AA: p = 0:014, OR = 0:681, 95% CI: 0.501-0.925). In the subgroup analysis, the association was found only in Asian populations under the allelic model (A allele vs. G allele: p = 0:037, OR = 1:186, 95% CI: 1.010-1.394) and codominant model (GG VS. AA: p = 0:035, OR = 0:704, 95% CI: 0.508-0.975) [18,19,25,29] .The heterogeneity test for the pooled data sets was not significant (I 2 = 0) for the TLR-2 rs1898830 polymorphism in five gene models, indicating the robustness of the meta-analysis for chronic periodontitis. Although a limited number of studies (n = 2) have been included for the rs1898830 polymorphism, it suggested that rs1898830 (A>G) may be associated with periodontitis risk in Asians ( Figure 2 and Table 2).…”

Novel Association Between FOXO3 rs2232365 Polymorphism and Late-Onset Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Candidate Genetic Study

“…Toll-like receptors (TLRs) which are a family of pattern-recognition receptors promote the activation of autoreactive B cell and elicit innate/adaptive immune responses. [38] Female patients with rs3853839 CC genotype might present a pronounced defensive effect against persistent HCV infection [39] and periodontitis [40]. Otherwise, allele C and SNP rs3853839 are associated with severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD).…”

Danger signals in oral cavity-related diseases

“…Signaling through PRRs induces downstream activation of signaling pathways to modulate generally pro‐inflammatory responses, though polymorphisms can alter the signaling responses from PRRs. Indeed, recent studies have begun to associate links between polymorphisms in PRRs and the development of periodontal disease and SS …”