Pattern of sexually transmitted disease in Madurai, India.

Jeyasingh, P; Ramanaiah, T. B. B. S. V.; Fernandes, Sheyla de Almeida

doi:10.1136/sti.61.6.399

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In southern India, there has also been a decline in the incidence of the bacterial STDs such as syphilis, chancroid, and lymphogranuloma venereum in the 90s in comparison to the figures for the 70s (3, 4). In contrast, viral STDs like genital herpes and condylomata acuminata increased during the above mentioned time period (3, 4). Similarly, the frequency of genital herpes was observed to be the highest among STDs in the northeastern and western parts of India (5, 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Rising Incidence of Genital Herpes over Two Decades in a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic in North India

Kumar

Sahoo

Gupta

et al. 2002

The Journal of Dermatology

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Genital herpes, which was considered to be a minor sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the past in developing countries, is rapidly increasing; in contrast, bacterial STDs are declining. This changing trend of various STDs prompted us to analyze our data retrospectively to see whether a similar change is occurring in this part of India as well. The records of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) clinic attendees from January 1977 to December 2000 were analyzed. The demographic profile of patients with genital herpes was also considered for analysis. STDs were diagnosed clinically and by appropriate laboratory tests wherever applicable. VDRL test was done in all patients, and HIV antibody detection was performed from 1987 onwards. The incidences of chancroid, donovanosis, and gonorrhea were 12.2%, 6.3%, and 16.9%, respectively, from January 1977 to December 1985. The figures for the same decreased to 2.5%, 0.9%, and 2.3%, respectively, from January 1993 to December 2000. The decreasing incidence of the above bacterial STDs is statistically significant (p<0.001). However, there was an approximately two-fold increase in the incidence of genital herpes in recent years (20.5%) in comparison to the figures from the late 70s (11.4%). Molluscum contagiosum also showed an upward trend (1% in 1977-85 vs. 9.8% in 1993-2000). Condylomata accuminata remained almost unchanged (21.4% in 1977-85 vs. 20% in 1993-2000). To conclude, a significant increase in the number of viral STDs and a decline in the bacterial diseases were observed in recent years in comparison to the figures from the late 70s. This may be due to awareness of HIV, success of control programs, syndromic management of STDs, and adoption of safer sexual practices, which prevent bacterial STDs more efficiently than viral ones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Rising Incidence of Genital Herpes over Two Decades in a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic in North India

Kumar

Sahoo

Gupta

et al. 2002

The Journal of Dermatology

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“…15 In Africa most of the studies undertaken during the 1980s investigating the microbial aetiology of genital ulcers found low prevalences of genital herpes. Among men the prevalence of HSV detected by culture was 3% in Carletonville, 16 4% in Nairobi, 17 4% in Pretoria, 18 7-10% in Durban, 6 19 9% in Johannesburg 20 ; and among men and women, 6% in the Gambia 21 and 12% in Swaziland 22 ; and in women, 2% in Nairobi, 23 6% in Johannesburg, 24 and 18% in Durban.…”

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confidence: 99%

Increasing prevalence of genital herpes in developing countries: implications for heterosexual HIV transmission and STI control programmes

O’Farrell

1999

Sexually Transmitted Infections

100

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Background:The recognition that sexually transmitted infections (STI) facilitate HIV transmission among heterosexuals has led to a rejuvenated focus on improving STI control as a component of HIV prevention programmes in developing countries. While eVorts so far have focused mainly on all STI, there is increasing evidence that genital ulcers facilitate a considerable proportion of HIV transmission among heterosexuals and that this eVect has been underestimated. This paper focuses on the epidemiology of genital herpes in developing countries past and present. Objectives: To review the scientific literature about the epidemiology of genital herpes in developing countries and discuss the implications of the findings for STI control and HIV prevention programmes. Search methodology: A Medline search for June 1966 to August 1999 using the keywords, genital herpes, STD and developing countries, and genital ulcers in MeSH and free text. Abstract books from recent international AIDS conferences and other international STD conferences were reviewed. The annual reports of the medical oYcers of heath for Harare 1982 and Durban 1989 were reviewed to detect trends in genital herpes diagnoses. Findings: Genital herpes, formerly regarded as a minor STI in most developing countries, has now emerged as a leading cause of genital ulceration in many countries where syphilis and chancroid were more prevalent previously. This increased recognition of genital herpes reflects both a change in the pattern of STI epidemiology through a decline in syphilis and chancroid as a response to HIV control programmes and improved techniques for diagnosing herpetic infection. Countries with significant heterosexual HIV epidemics also appear to have rapidly increasing numbers of genital herpes cases. Conclusions:The emergence of this herpes epidemic must be addressed through innovative strategies that will be viable, sustainable, acceptable, and eVective in developing countries. In countries where genital herpes is a significant problem, local adaptation of WHO treatment algorithms should be made. STI service providers should be trained about issues around the transmission of herpes and how best to advise clients about dealing with, and recognising, recurrences. The eVectiveness of antiviral treatment for genital herpes should be investigated in core groups at high risk of HIV. (Sex Transm Inf 1999;75:377-384)

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“…Out of 11 males, STI was seen in 10 patients while 1 patient had non-STI (candidial balanoposthitis). Most common STI was syphilitic chancre (4), followed by herpes (2), gonorrhoea (1), condyloma acuminate (2), molluscum contagiosum (1). CD4 count ranged between 100 and 684 (mean 440).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico-etiological study of genital lesions at a tertiary care center in Pune, India

Tekam¹,

Belgaumkar²,

Chavan³

et al. 2021

Int J Res Dermatol

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Background: Disorders affecting the genitalia are a global health problem of significant magnitude. They comprise conditions which may or may not be sexually transmitted. Often it becomes impossible to make a reliable etiological diagnosis on clinical grounds alone. There is a paucity of data about the burden and pattern of genital disorders in our setting. This study was undertaken to identify the prevalent trends and clinic-etiological profile of genital lesions.Methods: 100 consecutive cases presenting with genital disorders to dermatology OPD of Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, India from June 2019 to March 2020, were enrolled in this observational, cross sectional study. Patients were subjected to thorough history, clinical examination and requisite microbiological and serological investigations. Etiological diagnosis was reached after correlation of history, clinical findings and investigations.Results: 100 patients comprised 70 males and 30 females. Age group ranged from 2 months to 75 years (mean 37.8 years). Majority of patients belonged to 21-30 years age group. Total 78% patients had (STI) while 22% had non-STI. 13% were HIV sero-positive. 12% patients were diabetic. In 54% cases, microbiological findings confirmed the clinical diagnosis.Conclusions: This study emphasizes that sexually transmitted infections continue to be a prominent cause of genital lesions, particularly in young sexually active individuals. However, various non-venereal dermatological disorders may manifest on the genitalia at any age, leading to diagnostic difficulty. A meticulous clinical examination supported by appropriate laboratory evaluation is the key to distinguish venereal and non-venereal dermatoses.

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Pattern of sexually transmitted disease in Madurai, India.

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Rising Incidence of Genital Herpes over Two Decades in a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic in North India

Rising Incidence of Genital Herpes over Two Decades in a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic in North India

Increasing prevalence of genital herpes in developing countries: implications for heterosexual HIV transmission and STI control programmes

Clinico-etiological study of genital lesions at a tertiary care center in Pune, India

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