Pattern of Integrated System of Smallholder Beef Cattle Central in Tegal Regency

Abstract

Purpose of this research is to focus on importance of knowing the activities of smallholder enterprise systems, types and trends in the patterns of integrated systems adopted, the impact of implementing integrated systems and the implications for sustainability of livestock systems. This research also emphasize the importance of opportunities in enhancing and increasing livestock productivity and increasing production in smallholder farms and developing the easiest formulation of strategies for sustainable livestock systems. A qualitative method using Soft System Methodology (SSM) from System Thinking was chosen to visualize the activities of smallholder enterprise systems and the pattern of integrated systems are presented descriptively. The next study method of quantitative is used to determine the impact of livestock productivity on each applied integrated systems presented comparatively. Soft System Methodology succeed to visualize smallholder enterprise systems at the level of individual and community level of farmer. Farmer’s group activity influence the pattern of integrated systems that impacted on beef cattle’s productivity. The ICLFS pattern promotes a way of optimally utilizing agroecosystems and it has potential and become candidate system that be able in enhancing and increasing productivity, increasing livestock production and farmer's income, and realize beef self-sufficiency.

An Insight of Antimicrobial Resistance in Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry System (ICLFS). A Mini Review

“…According to [12], integrated systems are one of the many systems employed in the management of cattle enterprises. Smallholders frequently employ integrated systems in the development of their beef cattle enterprise by using the potential of adjacent natural resources as the carrying capacity [11]. An example of this can be observed in the context of agroforestry systems, where trees and crops establish interconnected relationships with livestock [13].…”

“…The One Health concept, which addresses the interconnections among the animal, environment, and human sectors, also encompasses the acknowledgment of agricultural sources, such as agroforestry systems, in relation to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance [9]. The Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest (ICLF) system is extensively employed by small-scale farmers in several nations [11]. This approach leverages the inherent capabilities of local natural resources to facilitate the advancement of livestock production [11].…”

“…The Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest (ICLF) system is extensively employed by small-scale farmers in several nations [11]. This approach leverages the inherent capabilities of local natural resources to facilitate the advancement of livestock production [11]. The interconnections among livestock, crops, and the environment within this system have the potential to expedite the dissemination of antibiotic resistance via the utilization of livestock manure.…”

Competitiveness of Smallholder Beef Cattle Farming in Gorontalo District, Gorontalo

“…Soedjana and Priyanti (2017) reviewed that Indonesia has a good potency to produce live beef cattle through technologies and innovations of palm oil-beef cattle system integration which boost production efficiency. Gunawan et al (2019) stated that integrated crop-livestok-forestry systems are able to increasing productivity, livestock production, farmer income and realize beef self-sufficiency. Khairiyakh et al (2015) used Location Quotient (LQ) to identify contribution of agricultural sector on Indonesia economy.…”