Pattern of healing of calvarial bone in the rat following application of the erbium-YAG laser

Ultrastructural analysis of bone tissue irradiated by Er:YAG Laser

“…The dorsal skin of the neck was incised, elevated, and dissected, providing access to the underlying calvaria region. In the present study, calvaria compact bone was used due to the large size field and the homogeneity of compact bone and easy access presented by this model [6,8,17]. Three distinct incisions were made in the periosteum of the calvaria with a scalpel blade (No.…”

“…However, histological examination of the Er:YAG laser irradiated bone tissue revealed a deeply stained superficial zone [9] and a mineral-rich carbon layer [17]. There have been reports regarding the presence and width of this changed layer, with values ranging from 5 to 110 mm when present [5][6][7][8][9][17][18][19]. In addition, our previous studies have demonstrated the unique morphological and compositional features of hard tissue surfaces treated by Er:YAG laser [20,21].…”

“…Among them, erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) lasers seem to be of great use owing to their dual ability to ablate soft and hard tissues with minimal damage and its use has been suggested for caries removal, non-surgical periodontal therapy, and recently, osseous surgery [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. However, histological examination of the Er:YAG laser irradiated bone tissue revealed a deeply stained superficial zone [9] and a mineral-rich carbon layer [17]. There have been reports regarding the presence and width of this changed layer, with values ranging from 5 to 110 mm when present [5][6][7][8][9][17][18][19].…”

Advances in bone surgery: the Er:YAG laser in oral surgery and implant dentistry

“…Similar results of retarded bone formation by delayed resorption of devitalized tissue after Er:YAG laser ablation with various energy densities (13,25, and 38 J/cm 2 ) were found in rat calvarial critical size defects. 97 Laser treatment left an amorphous, mineralrich carbon layer at the surfaces of the osteotomy site. After 105 days, the defects had not been bridged by new bone.…”

Optimal parameters for lateral oblique radiographs of rat mandibles

“…Of several animal models, rats are most often used because they are low cost, easy to manage animals. 1 However, the radiographic procedures usually adopted to obtain linear measures of larger animals and human beings are complicated in rats because of their small size. 2 Moreover, low-power X-ray machines have to be used to record detailed images of anatomical structures, such as the cementoenamel junction, [3][4][5][6] and a positioning device has to be used to ensure reproducibility of radiographic exposures in the same animal.…”