Pattern electrical stimulation of the human retina

Humayun, Mark S.; Juan, Eugene de; Weiland, James D.; Dagnelie, Gislin; Katona, Steven K.; Greenberg, Robert J.; Suzuki, Satoshi

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00052-8

Cited by 557 publications

(343 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although no proven visually beneficial treatments for patients are currently available, a variety of approaches to preserve or restore vision are under investigation, including neural retinal transplantation (Kaplan et al, 1997;Algvere et al, 1999;Das et al, 1999;Radtke et al, 1999;Humayun et al, 2000;Binder et al, 2002;Radtke et al, 2002;Berger et al, 2003), gene therapy (Bennett et al, 1996(Bennett et al, , 1998Ali et al, 2000;Bennett, 2000;Vollrath et al, 2001), pharmacotherapies (Faktorovich et al, 1990;Li et al, 1998;Chong et al, 1999;Caffe et al, 2001) and visual prosthetic devices (Weiland et al, 1999;Humayun et al, 1999a;Margalit et al, 2002;Lakhanpal et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Restoration of visual responses following transplantation of intact retinal sheets in rd mice

Arai

Thomas

Seiler

et al. 2004

Experimental Eye Research

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Purpose. To correlate the functional outcomes with histologic findings following transplantation of fetal retinal sheets in rd mice, and to investigate the mechanisms of visual function restoration.Methods. Twenty-one postnatal day 31 -38 rd/rd (C3H/HeJ) mice were transplanted in one eye with retinal sheets (1·0 £ 0·4 mm) obtained from embryonic day (E) 17 enhanced-green-fluorescent protein (eGFP) mice. Five mice underwent sham surgery without insertion of tissue. Four to five weeks after transplantation, visual responses to a light flash were recorded across the superior colliculus (SC) in seven eyes of seven transplanted mice that had clear corneas and lenses, and in all five sham surgery mice. Following the SC recording, the eyes were enucleated and processed for immunohistochemistry and examined using confocal microscopy.Results. In three out of the seven eyes (43%), positive responses were recorded in the SC in an area topographically corresponding to the placement of the transplant in the host retina. No responses were recorded in the untreated eyes of 5-week-old and 9-week-old rd/rd mice, and in the 9-week-old sham surgery mice. In contrast, visual responses were recorded over the entire SC in normal eyes. The response onset latencies of the 3 transplanted mice with responses were similar to those of normal control mice. The organization of the graft did not appear to correlate as expected with the electrophysiology results, as eyes with well-organized, laminated grafts showed no response whereas the three light-responsive eyes had rosetted or disorganized grafts. All three light-responsive eyes demonstrated much higher levels of recoverin immunoreactivity in the host retina overlying the graft compared with untreated age-matched rd/rd mice.Conclusion. Restoration of the SC visual response does not appear to depend on a well-organized transplant in the rd mouse. Increased recoverin-staining in the host retina in light-responsive animals suggested that host cone rescue was the likely mechanism of vision restoration in this transplant model. q

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confidence: 99%

Restoration of visual responses following transplantation of intact retinal sheets in rd mice

Arai

Thomas

Seiler

et al. 2004

Experimental Eye Research

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“…ʈ PSI has been used recently as an optical trigger for a retinal prosthesis (31). The concept was based on previous work on retinal prosthesis in which patterned electrical stimuli where shown to elicit visual perceptions (32). The isolated PSI reaction centers were able to produce Ͼ1 V, which is sufficient to trigger neural responses.…”

Section: Opportunities For Nanotechnology: Synthetic and Biomimetic Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches for biological and biomimetic energy conversion

LaVan

Jennifer²

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

116

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This article highlights areas of research at the interface of nanotechnology, the physical sciences, and biology that are related to energy conversion: specifically, those related to photovoltaic applications. Although much ongoing work is seeking to understand basic processes of photosynthesis and chemical conversion, such as light harvesting, electron transfer, and ion transport, application of this knowledge to the development of fully synthetic and͞or hybrid devices is still in its infancy. To develop systems that produce energy in an efficient manner, it is important both to understand the biological mechanisms of energy flow for optimization of primary structure and to appreciate the roles of architecture and assembly. Whether devices are completely synthetic and mimic biological processes or devices use natural biomolecules, much of the research for future power systems will happen at the intersection of disciplines.biotechnology ͉ nanotechnology ͉ photosynthesis ͉ photovoltaic R ecently, the National Academies and the Keck Foundation held a meeting to discuss the development of new applications for nanotechnology ¶ with the goal of identifying challenges where the convergence of nanoscience and physical and biosciences could provide a revolutionary outcome. One area clearly in need of new technologies is biological and biomimetic methods of energy conversion. Within this broad area, focus was given to two specific applications: the conversion of solar energy into useful electrical or chemical energy and the production of power for in vivo medical devices. The following sections will provide both an economic perspective on current photovoltaic (PV) technology and an overview of the various research efforts toward using or mimicking biological systems to improve current and future energy-conversion systems.

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“…In recent years, several visual prostheses have been developed worldwide. (3)(4)(5) We have also developed a fully implantable retinal prosthesis with a three-dimensionally (3D) stacked retinal prosthesis chip.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Al-doped ZnO Transparent Stimulus Electrode for Fully Implantable Retinal Prosthesis with Three-dimensionally Stacked Retinal Prosthesis Chip

Kino¹,

Fukushima

Tanaka³

2018

Sensors and Materials

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To realize a three-dimensionally (3D) stacked retinal prosthesis chip having a large stimulus electrode area and a large photodiode area, the fundamental properties of an Al-doped ZnO transparent stimulus electrode were investigated in detail. The test samples were fabricated, and thin film property and stimulus electrode characteristics were also evaluated using several methods. It was clearly observed that both the crystallinity and transmittances of an Al-doped ZnO thin film were dependent on the substrate temperature during thin-film formation. A better crystallinity and a transmittance of more than 85% in the visible range were achieved for the Al-doped ZnO thin film with a substrate temperature of 200 ℃. Furthermore, good electrochemical impedance characteristics and adequate charge injection capacity (CIC) values of 0.07 mC/cm 2 were obtained to elicit visual sensations. Consequently, Al-doped ZnO has the possibility of becoming the transparent stimulus electrode for a 3D stacked retinal prosthesis chip.

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Pattern electrical stimulation of the human retina

Cited by 557 publications

References 15 publications

Restoration of visual responses following transplantation of intact retinal sheets in rd mice

Restoration of visual responses following transplantation of intact retinal sheets in rd mice

Approaches for biological and biomimetic energy conversion

Study of Al-doped ZnO Transparent Stimulus Electrode for Fully Implantable Retinal Prosthesis with Three-dimensionally Stacked Retinal Prosthesis Chip

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