2002
DOI: 10.1086/339550
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Patients with Suspected Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: Rethinking an Initial Negative Polymerase Chain Reaction Result

Abstract: A statewide encephalitis diagnostic project of the California State Department of Health Services found that herpes simplex virus 1 DNA may not be detectable by molecular methods early in the clinical course of herpes simplex encephalitis.

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Cited by 220 publications
(114 citation statements)
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“…PCR for HSV-1 and HSV-2, which has supplanted viral cultures and other studies as the test of choice, should be obtained from the CSF and has high sensitivity (96 %) and specificity (99 %) [67,68]. False-negative PCR can occur early in the illness [98][99][100], and if the clinical suspicion is high, aciclovir should be continued empirically and repeat CSF HSV PCR obtained within 3-7 days [43].…”
Section: Laboratory Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…PCR for HSV-1 and HSV-2, which has supplanted viral cultures and other studies as the test of choice, should be obtained from the CSF and has high sensitivity (96 %) and specificity (99 %) [67,68]. False-negative PCR can occur early in the illness [98][99][100], and if the clinical suspicion is high, aciclovir should be continued empirically and repeat CSF HSV PCR obtained within 3-7 days [43].…”
Section: Laboratory Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3) Falsenegative PCR studies. HSV-1 PCR may yield a false-negative, particularly early in the course of the HSVE and among children [98][99][100]. When suspicion is high, patients should be treated empirically, despite a negative PCR, and HSV PCR from the CSF should be repeated within 3-7 days [43].…”
Section: Diagnostic Pitfallsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…La detección de ADN de VHS en el LCR mediante RPC confi rma el diagnóstico de encefalitis herpética; sin embargo, se han descrito reportes de RPC-TR negativa al inicio de la infección herpética 7,8 En pacientes adultos se ha detectado ADN de VHS en el LCR recién al cuarto a séptimo día de evolución y no en determinaciones más precoces 7,13 . También en escolares con síntomas neurológicos sugerentes de encefalitis viral, una primera RPC de LCR efectuada precozmente en el curso de la enfermedad, resultó negativa para VHS y sólo fue positiva a los 4 días de evolución 7,8 .…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Esta situación ha estimulado el desarrollo de técnicas de biología molecular, como la reacción de polimerasa en cadena en tiempo real (RPC-TR) para detectar el VHS en LCR, siendo establecida hoy en día como la primera herramienta diagnóstica de la encefalitis herpética. Comparada con la biopsia cerebral se describe para la RPC una sensibilidad de ~90% y una especifi cidad que varía entre 92 y 100% 7,8 Un resultado falsamente negativo de la RPC-TR para VHS en un paciente con encefalitis herpética puede deberse a la toma de una muestra precoz en la evolución de la enfermedad, a la presencia de inhibidores de la RPC o a una inadecuada manipulación o almacenamiento de la muestra 8 . En consecuencia, la RPC-TR negativa para VHS no permite descartar la etiología herpética en un paciente con manifestaciones clínicas, electroencefalograma o estudios de neuro-imágenes altamente sugerentes de esta entidad.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…The sensitivity of PCR for detection of HSV encephalitis varies with the timing of the study. In the California Encephalitis Project, 3 patients with negative CSF HSV PCR tests performed within 72 hours of symptom onset had positive tests 4 to 7 days later [67]. CSF HSV PCR sensitivity declines as a function of duration of antiviral therapy with 98% of studies remaining positive in patients treated for 7 days or less, followed by a decrease in sensitivity with ongoing treatment to 47% at 8 to 14 days, and 21% after 15 days of antiviral treatment [66].…”
Section: Csf Pcr and Antibody Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%