Patient-reported outcome measures in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review of application and content validity

Lloyd, Melanie; Callander, Emily; Karahalios, Amalia; Desmond, Lucy; Karunajeewa, Harin

doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000398

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…The two-reviewer screening, selection and extraction process likely reduced selection bias. Previous reviews [ 8 , 9 ] have noted the difficulty in searching for historic PROMs as the terminology was not as established, finding that retrospective backwards citation searching was required to identify older PROMs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patient-reported outcome measures for paediatric acute lower respiratory infection studies

Oakes

Baker²,

McLeod³

et al. 2023

Eur Respir Rev

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BackgroundPatient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are recommended for capturing meaningful outcomes in clinical trials. The use of PROMs for children with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) has not been systematically reported. We aimed to identify and characterise patient-reported outcomes and PROMs used in paediatric ALRI studies and summarise their measurement properties.MethodsMedline, Embase and Cochrane were searched (until April 2022). Studies that reported on patient-reported outcome (or measure) use or development and included subjects aged <18 years with ALRIs were included. Study, population and patient-reported outcome (or measure) characteristics were extracted.ResultsOf 2793 articles identified, 18 met inclusion criteria, including 12 PROMs. Two disease-specific PROMs were used in settings in which they had been validated. The Canadian Acute Respiratory Illness and Flu Scale was the most frequently used disease-specific PROM (five studies). The EuroQol-Five Dimensions-Youth system was the most frequently used generic PROM (two studies). There was considerable heterogeneity in validation methods. The outcome measures identified in this review lack validation for young children and none involve sufficient content validity for use with First Nations children.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need for PROM development that considers the populations in which the burden of ALRI predominates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite experts advocating for the development and validation of PROMs, there is a lack of validated PROMs for use in ALRI trials [ 8 , 9 ]. We aimed to systematically identify and characterise PROs and PROMs (self or proxy-report by parent/guardian) used for children with ALRIs and to summarise their properties of measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient-reported outcome measures for paediatric acute lower respiratory infection studies

Oakes

Baker²,

McLeod³

et al. 2023

Eur Respir Rev

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“…With a few exceptions, most of these studies used generic quality of life and productivity tools. A systematic review identified five CAP-specific, patient-reported outcome measures, of which the CAP symptom questionnaire (CAP-sym) was the most widely used 275 . This review concluded that most CAP-specific tools have thus far been evaluated in highly specific populations and may not be fully representative, and it recommends continuing to use generic tools until better tools are available.…”

Section: Quality Of Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumonia

Torres

Niederman

Menéndez

et al. 2021

Nat Rev Dis Primers

286

261

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Pneumonia is a common acute respiratory infection that affects the alveoli and distal bronchial tree of the lungs. The disease is broadly divided into community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, which includes ventilation-associated pneumonia (VAP)) (Box 1). Aspiration pneumonia represents 5-15% of all cases of CAP; however, its prevalence amongst patients with HAP is not known 1 . The lack of robust diagnostic criteria for aspiration pneumonia may explain why the true burden of this type of pneumonia remains unknown 1 .The causative microorganisms for CAP and HAP differ substantially. The most common causal microorganisms in CAP are Streptococcus pneumoniae, respiratory viruses, Haemophilus influenzae and other bacteria such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila. Conversely, the most frequent microorganisms in HAP are Staphylococcus aureus (including both methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)), Enterobacterales, non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli (for example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and Acinetobacter spp. 2,3 . In health-care-associated pneumonia (HCAP), owing to patient risk factors, the microbial aetiology is more similar to that in HAP than to that in CAP. However, difficulties in standardizing risk factors for this population, coupled with the heterogeneity of post-hospital health care worldwide, suggest that the concept of HCAP has little usefulness, and indeed, HCAP was not included in recent guidelines for CAP and HAP [3][4][5] .Differences in microbiology between CAP and HAP depend on whether pneumonia was acquired in the community or health care environment and on host risk factors, including abnormal gastric and oropharyngeal colonization. In addition, the aetiopathogenesis of CAP is different from that of HAP. In general, mild CAP is treated on an outpatient basis, moderately severe CAP in hospital wards, and severe CAP in intensive care units (ICUs) with or without mechanical ventilation 6 . The need for mechanical ventilation is used as a sub-classification of interest for prognosis and stratification in randomized clinical trials.Both CAP 7 and HAP 4 can occur in either immunosuppressed or immunocompetent patients. To date, most research data have been based on studies of immunocompetent patients and, therefore, we rely on such sources in this Primer. However, CAP, HAP and VAP in immunosuppressed patients have attracted the attention of researchers, and more investigation is to come.In this Primer, we cover and summarize the most important and recent updates related to epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic screening, prevention, management, quality of life, and research perspectives. Additionally, owing to the profound impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by

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“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] The overall content validity of all available CAP-specific instruments is unclear. 16 Based on current evidence and several reasons above, the generic instruments are likely to be of greater value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-Related Quality of Life Among Children With Pneumonia in Indonesia Using the EuroQoL Descriptive System Value Set for Indonesia

Hadning

Andayani

Endarti

et al. 2021

Value in Health Regional Issues

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Patient-reported outcome measures in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review of application and content validity

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

Patient-reported outcome measures for paediatric acute lower respiratory infection studies

Patient-reported outcome measures for paediatric acute lower respiratory infection studies

Pneumonia

Health-Related Quality of Life Among Children With Pneumonia in Indonesia Using the EuroQoL Descriptive System Value Set for Indonesia

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