Patient-Motivated Prevention of Lifestyle-Related Disease in Japan

Are behavioral interventions effective in increasing physical activity at 12 to 36 months in adults aged 55 to 70 years? a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Of these 21 trials, 15 were included in the meta-analyses [28-42] and six trials were analyzed narratively [43-48]. Nine trials were reported in multiple publications.…”

“…Twelve authors responded to the request for additional intervention material [28,29,32,34,37-41,43-45], seven of whom provided additional material [28,29,34,39,40,44,45]. Unpublished material provided in languages other than English was translated into English using online services and/or native speakers [28,39,45]. Additional English language publications describing intervention content were obtained for six trials [61-66].…”

“…Sixteen interventions were delivered by health professionals [28-38,42,44-47], one intervention by the researcher [39], one by the participant under instruction (that is, self-help) [40], and the intervention provider was unclear in three trials [41,43,48]. The delivery format was multimodal for 14 trials (that is, face-to-face individual basis and via the telephone and/or printed material [29,30,32,43,44,47]; face-to-face group basis and via the telephone and/or printed material [34,45,46]; face-to-face individual and group basis plus via the telephone or printed material [33,36,38]; via the internet and printed materials [41]; or via the telephone and printed material [39]); unimodal for four trials (that is, face-to-face individual only [28]; face-to-face group only [31,42]; or printed material only [40]); and it was unclear whether the format was face-to-face individual or group for three trials [35,37,48].…”

“…The intervention settings included healthcare premises [29,32,33,38,42,43,45,47], the participant's home [30,34,36,39-41], healthcare premises and at home [28,35], in a university facility [48], in a community setting [46] or this information was unspecified [31,37,44]. On average, trial length was 17 months from randomization (SD = 6.6), the 'active' intervention period was 8 months (SD = 4.6; range 1 to 11) with 37 contacts (SD = 60; range 1 to 228).…”

“…The intervention period and the number of contacts were not specified in one trial [38]. Trials were conducted in the USA [30,31,34,35,37,38,46,48], Belgium [36], The Netherlands [39-41,44,45], UK [42], Finland [33], New Zealand [29,32], Japan [28], Australia [43] and Canada [47]. Six trials used a clustered RCT design and accounted for clustering in analyses [29,38,40,41,44,47].…”