Patient dosimetry during chest, abdomen, skull and neck radiography in SW Nigeria

Olowookere, C. J.; Obed, R. I.; Babalola, I.A.; Bello, T O

doi:10.1016/j.radi.2010.05.009

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The calculated effective dose for chest radiography of adults was 34 μSv in this study, which was similar to the findings of Huda's study (Huda, 2002). Also, the effective dose for skull radiography was 109 μSv for adults, which was consistent with that reported by Olowookere et al (2011). The reasons for some discrepancies between different research works can be attributed to the use of different X-ray machines and exposure factors for every X-ray examination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…A number of studies have reported radiation dose measurements from some X-ray examinations; however, their results were only limited to the presentation of entrance surface dose (ESD) or dose-area product (DAP) measurements or the effective dose (E) for some age groups (Huda, 2002;Hart and Wall, 2004;Hart et al, 2009;Kiljunen et al, 2009;Olowookere et al, 2011). Nevertheless, the use of the effective dose to state the stochastic harm to patients from ionizing radiation is sometimes criticized (Valentin, 2007;McCollough et al, 2010;Pradhan et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of radiation risk to pediatric patients undergoing conventional X-ray examinations

Nahangi

Chaparian

2015

Radioprotection

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-Increasing concern has been expressed in the literature that the knowledge of physicians regarding the radiation risk values incurred during different radiological examinations is inadequate. This study determined the amount of organ doses and the radiation risks involved in pediatric radiology in terms of the age and sex of patients. The X-ray examinations of the chest, abdomen, pelvis and skull in patients of six age groups (newborn, 1-, 5-, 10-and 15-year-old, and adult) were investigated. Exposure data of 480 patients were collected from four radiology departments and then Entrance Skin Exposure (ESE) values for standard patients in the six age groups as well as five X-ray examinations were measured. By using these practical data, the risk of exposure-induced cancer death (REID) values were estimated based on the risk models of the BEIR VII committee. It was shown that the differences in REID values in male and female patients were statistically significant for the chest and pelvis X-ray examinations. The X-rays of the abdomen, chest and pelvis have the highest REID values in 15-, 10-and 15-year-old patients, respectively. The results obtained can help physicians to make suitable decisions about the execution and justification of every X-ray examination in the different age groups. This information will help to prevent either overestimation or underestimation of radiation risks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of radiation risk to pediatric patients undergoing conventional X-ray examinations

Nahangi

Chaparian

2015

Radioprotection

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“…Regrettably, unwarranted exposures of patients to ionising radiations due to foreseeable and often avoidable circumstances during diagnostic procedures have been reported 1112. Reasons adduced for this include poor knowledge of radiation protection and continued use of obsolete x-ray machines 131415. Local legislation in Nigeria has recently given impetus to regularization of radiographic practice to conform to international safety standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 12 Reasons adduced for this include poor knowledge of radiation protection and continued use of obsolete x-ray machines. 13 14 15 Local legislation in Nigeria has recently given impetus to regularization of radiographic practice to conform to international safety standards. Moreover, since auditing of radiographic practice is an internationally recognized part of radiation protection practices, 16 it is imperative to assess both knowledge and compliance to radiation protection practices among Nigerian radiographers in Lagos metropolis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of radiation protection practices among radiographers in Lagos, Nigeria

et al. 2013

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Background:Use of ionising radiation in diagnostic radiography could lead to hazards such as somatic and genetic damages. Compliance to safe work and radiation protection practices could mitigate such risks. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and radiation protection practices among radiographers in Lagos, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:The study was a prospective cross sectional survey. Convenience sampling technique was used to select four x-ray diagnostic centres in four tertiary hospitals in Lagos metropolis. Data were analysed with Epi- info software, version 3.5.1.Results:Average score on assessment of knowledge was 73%. Most modern radiation protection instruments were lacking in all the centres studied. Application of shielding devices such as gonad shield for protection was neglected mostly in government hospitals. Most x-ray machines were quite old and evidence of quality assurance tests performed on such machines were lacking.Conclusion:Radiographers within Lagos metropolis showed an excellent knowledge of radiation protection within the study period. Adherence to radiation protection practices among radiographers in Lagos metropolis during the period studied was, however, poor. Radiographers in Lagos, Nigeria should embrace current trends in radiation protection and make more concerted efforts to apply their knowledge in protecting themselves and patients from harmful effects of ionising radiation.

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“…It could be human factors where the operators of machine select the factors according to their observed patient size. This manual choice of these techniques could lead to noncorrelation between patient parameters and technique factors hence it is suggested that, the use of automatic exposure control (AEC) system could help overcome this challenge (Olowookere, et al 2011). Unfortunately, none of the facilities investigated had AEC.…”

Section: 0 Technique Factors For Abdomen Examination and Cec Recommmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Radiation Exposure Techniques Factors Used for Common Diagnostics X- Ray Examinations in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Edet¹

2015

IJMI

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Abstract:The dose of radiation emitted by an X-ray source and delivered on a target depends on the source tube peak potential (kVp), the current time (mAs) and the source to film distance (FFD). There could be an harmful health effect on the patient if these exposure technique factors are not appropriately selected by the operators of these sources. Therefore the aim of this study is to survey the choice of these technique factors in X-ray departments in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, while undertaking some common diagnostic X-ray examinations. The common and mostly requested examinations considered were, Chest (PA), Skull (AP), Pelvis (AP) and Abdomen (AP). A total of 48 personnel, 952 adult volunteers in X-ray departments in nine Hospitals took part in the survey. The adults were age between 20-75 yrs and body weight 70 ± 13kg. Variations in the technique factors selected for the different examination were observed when compared with the values in CEC guidelines on quality criteria. The mean tube potential of 125 kVp selected for chest examination in this study is low compared to 180 kVp in the CEC. The mean mAs varies while some departments employed constant mAs for all examination and all patients not taking into account the body thickness of the patient. In skull and pelvis examination, some departments used lower kVps while some selected tube potentials within the CEC range of 70-85 kVp and 75-90 kVp respectively the mean FFD (162.0 cm) for chest in this study was within the CEC recommended value of 180.0 cm while low values of FFD were used in other examinations. Human and equipment factors were identified as possible reasons for the variations. The replacement of X-ray machines of more than 10 years, development of adequate and functional quality assurance programme for the facilities and retraining of the personnel are recommended as a panacea to minimize these variations.

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Patient dosimetry during chest, abdomen, skull and neck radiography in SW Nigeria

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Assessment of radiation risk to pediatric patients undergoing conventional X-ray examinations

Assessment of radiation risk to pediatric patients undergoing conventional X-ray examinations

Assessment of radiation protection practices among radiographers in Lagos, Nigeria

A Survey of Radiation Exposure Techniques Factors Used for Common Diagnostics X- Ray Examinations in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

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