Patient-Derived Cancer Organoids as Predictors of Treatment Response

Verduin, Maikel; Hoeben, Ann; Ruysscher, Dirk De; Vooijs, Marc

doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.641980

Cited by 75 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…It may be worthwhile to use newly developed techniques such as organoids [155,184] and xenografts [41] to measure cell type compositions and protein expression to monitor tumor evolution and improve our understanding of the eco-evolutionary dynamics. Early preclinical in vivo studies of adaptive therapy included ovarian cancer cell line xenografts treated with carboplatin, and MDA-MB-231/luc triple-negative and MCF7 ER+ breast cancer cell lines treated with paclitaxel.…”

Section: Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Evolutionary Game Theory to Understanding and Treating Cancer

et al. 2021

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Evolutionary game theory mathematically conceptualizes and analyzes biological interactions where one’s fitness not only depends on one’s own traits, but also on the traits of others. Typically, the individuals are not overtly rational and do not select, but rather inherit their traits. Cancer can be framed as such an evolutionary game, as it is composed of cells of heterogeneous types undergoing frequency-dependent selection. In this article, we first summarize existing works where evolutionary game theory has been employed in modeling cancer and improving its treatment. Some of these game-theoretic models suggest how one could anticipate and steer cancer’s eco-evolutionary dynamics into states more desirable for the patient via evolutionary therapies. Such therapies offer great promise for increasing patient survival and decreasing drug toxicity, as demonstrated by some recent studies and clinical trials. We discuss clinical relevance of the existing game-theoretic models of cancer and its treatment, and opportunities for future applications. Moreover, we discuss the developments in cancer biology that are needed to better utilize the full potential of game-theoretic models. Ultimately, we demonstrate that viewing tumors with evolutionary game theory has medically useful implications that can inform and create a lockstep between empirical findings and mathematical modeling. We suggest that cancer progression is an evolutionary competition between different cell types and therefore needs to be viewed as an evolutionary game.

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Section: Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Evolutionary Game Theory to Understanding and Treating Cancer

et al. 2021

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“…This and other reviews have summarized that the 3D culture system of organoids can be established from almost all types of organs and allows improvement of fundamental understanding of disease onset and progression as well as of drug development and response prediction [ 5 , 7 , 8 , 11 , 99 , 123 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To generate an overview of the current evidence on transferability of cancer organoid treatment results to the clinical setting, Verduin et al and Wensink et al conducted (systematic) reviews on the predictive value of tumor organoids [ 66 , 99 ]. Wensink et al showed that 5 out of 17 studies included in their systematic review reported a statistically significant correlation and/or predictive value and 11/17 at least a trend for a correlation or predictive value [ 66 ].…”

Section: Organoids As a Promising Tool For The Improvement Of Therapy Efficiency Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organoid Models for Cancer Research—From Bed to Bench Side and Back

Kastner

Hendricks

Deinlein

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Organoids are a new 3D ex vivo culture system that have been applied in various fields of biomedical research. First isolated from the murine small intestine, they have since been established from a wide range of organs and tissues, both in healthy and diseased states. Organoids genetically, functionally and phenotypically retain the characteristics of their tissue of origin even after multiple passages, making them a valuable tool in studying various physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. The finding that organoids can also be established from tumor tissue or can be engineered to recapitulate tumor tissue has dramatically increased their use in cancer research. In this review, we discuss the potential of organoids to close the gap between preclinical in vitro and in vivo models as well as clinical trials in cancer research focusing on drug investigation and development.

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“…A recent study showed that patient-derived organoid models can successfully predict sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patient with metastatic colorectal cancer [ 98 ]. An extensive review, which includes 60 studies in organoid research, indicated that organoid cultures are predictors of chemotherapy response in patients with different types of cancer [ 99 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Organoid Models and 3d Culture Systems In Chemosensitivity Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Chemosensitivity Assays Are Helpful for Personalized Cytotoxic Treatments in Cancer Patients

2021

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Tumor chemosensitivity assays (TCAs), also known as drug response assays or individualized tumor response tests, have been gaining attention over the past few decades. Although there have been strong positive correlations between the results of these assays and clinical outcomes, they are still not considered routine tests in the care of cancer patients. The correlations between the assays’ results (drug sensitivity or resistance) and the clinical evaluations (e.g., response to treatment, progression-free survival) are highly promising. However, there is still a need to design randomized controlled prospective studies to secure the place of these assays in routine use. One of the best ideas to increase the value of these assays could be the combination of the assay results with the omics technologies (e.g., pharmacogenetics that gives an idea of the possible side effects of the drugs). In the near future, the importance of personalized chemotherapy is expected to dictate the use of these omics technologies. The omics relies on the macromolecules (Deoxyribonucleic acid -DNA-, ribonucleic acid -RNA-) and proteins (meaning the structure) while TCAs operate on living cell populations (meaning the function). Therefore, wise combinations of TCAs and omics could be a highly promising novel landscape in the modern care of cancer patients.

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Patient-Derived Cancer Organoids as Predictors of Treatment Response

Cited by 75 publications

References 88 publications

The Contribution of Evolutionary Game Theory to Understanding and Treating Cancer

The Contribution of Evolutionary Game Theory to Understanding and Treating Cancer

Organoid Models for Cancer Research—From Bed to Bench Side and Back

Tumor Chemosensitivity Assays Are Helpful for Personalized Cytotoxic Treatments in Cancer Patients

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