Tumor Chemosensitivity Assays Are Helpful for Personalized Cytotoxic Treatments in Cancer Patients

Abstract

Tumor chemosensitivity assays (TCAs), also known as drug response assays or individualized tumor response tests, have been gaining attention over the past few decades. Although there have been strong positive correlations between the results of these assays and clinical outcomes, they are still not considered routine tests in the care of cancer patients. The correlations between the assays’ results (drug sensitivity or resistance) and the clinical evaluations (e.g., response to treatment, progression-free survival) are highly promising. However, there is still a need to design randomized controlled prospective studies to secure the place of these assays in routine use. One of the best ideas to increase the value of these assays could be the combination of the assay results with the omics technologies (e.g., pharmacogenetics that gives an idea of the possible side effects of the drugs). In the near future, the importance of personalized chemotherapy is expected to dictate the use of these omics technologies. The omics relies on the macromolecules (Deoxyribonucleic acid -DNA-, ribonucleic acid -RNA-) and proteins (meaning the structure) while TCAs operate on living cell populations (meaning the function). Therefore, wise combinations of TCAs and omics could be a highly promising novel landscape in the modern care of cancer patients.

Anti-breast Adenocarcinoma and Anti-urease Anti-tyrosinase Properties of 5-Pentylresorcinol as Natural Compound with Molecular Docking Studies

“…Indeed, the search for safe, potent, and selective anticancer molecules is very important for novel drug progress in cancer research 30) . Also, over 60％ of the anticancer drugs have their origin in one way or another from natural phe- Natural compounds, due to their structural diversity, provide excellent templates for the construction of novel molecules 31) . In the case of breast adenocarcinoma, breast carcinoma, breast infiltrating ductal cell carcinoma, and breast infiltrating lobular carcinoma cell lines, the viability of them reduced dose-dependently in the presence of this compound, the IC 50 of 5-pentylresorcinol against MCF7 cell line was 165.72 µg/mL; against Hs 578Bst cell line was 102.14 µg/mL; against Hs 319.T cell line was 12.34 µg/mL; and against UACC-3133 cell line was 73.07 µg/mL, respectively.…”

Functional Drug Screening in the Era of Precision Medicine

“…Several commercial tests are available, including ChemoID and the Oncogramme. Chemosensitivity testing involves culturing a patient’s cells in monolayers, which fails to truly recapitulate the microenvironment in which the tumor grows and evolves, including the three-dimensional (3D) setting, immune system, signaling intermediates, heterogeneity, and architecture of the tumor ( 13 , 14 ). Likewise, cell morphology, proliferation, differentiation, and drug metabolism are significantly different in 2D versus 3D culture ( 15 ).…”

Anticancer Mechanisms of Zoledronic Acid-Based Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles for Prostate Cancer Bone Metastases Treatment

“…Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium Temperatures of 37 degrees Celsius and 5% CO2 were decided upon for all cell lines. There have been investigations on cell survival, multiplication, and colony formation in passages as small as 10 [39,40] cell viability assessment According to Ulukaya and colleagues' findings, the MTT assay was used to evaluate how the ZOL-GO drug complexes affected the viability of the cells [41]. To summarize, 2.5 x 10 3 cells were planted into 96-well plates, then placed inside the incubator at 37 degrees Celsius for 24 hours to facilitate attachment.…”