Patient and caregiver characteristics associated with depression in caregivers of patients with dementia

Covinsky, Kenneth E.; Newcomer, Robert; Fox, Patrick J.; Wood, J. S.; Sands, Laura P.; Dane, Kyle; Yaffe, Kristine

doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2003.30103.x

Cited by 477 publications

(446 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…In this study, the overall prevalence of caregiver depression is higher than a comparable non-caregiving population and in accordance with other studies (3,13). The burden of care giving was reported as high by 41% of all caregivers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

The relation between care giving and the mental health of caregivers of demented relatives: A cross-sectional study

Schoenmakers

Buntinx

Lepeleire

2009

European Journal of General Practice

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Background: Increasing numbers of family caregivers are confronted with caring for a demented, community-dwelling relative. Living with, caring for, and supervising a demented older relative places a heavy burden on the involved family members. In particular, primary caregivers report increased strain, feelings of depression, and decreased general wellbeing as a direct consequence of care giving. Since the most common cause of failure of a home-care situation appears to be caregiver burnout, detecting critical, negative changes in the wellbeing of the caregiver is important. Methods: In a nationwide, cross-sectional study by the Belgium Social Security Board, a population of demented older patients and their care-giving relatives was investigated. The care situation and characteristics of demented, older patients and their caregivers were inventoried, and their effects on the wellbeing of caregivers were evaluated. Results: Approximately 30% (n 028) of caregivers of demented, older relatives were depressed. Depression occurred independently of objective care characteristics and the mental and physical state of the demented patient. Rather, it was related to coping mechanisms and to the perceived burden reported by the caregiver. Conclusion:Offering support and counsel to caregivers is an important issue in efficiently maintaining home-care situations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

The relation between care giving and the mental health of caregivers of demented relatives: A cross-sectional study

Schoenmakers

Buntinx

Lepeleire

2009

European Journal of General Practice

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“…Second, the loss of diverse network ties and a reliance on denser, more interconnected networks may increase caregiver burden, which is associated with poor outcomes for both the patient and caregiver. [54][55][56] Consequently, identifying caregiver stress and mobilizing support at earlier stages of cognitive loss may help ease the transition to overt dementia, should it occur. Finally, clinicians can counsel patients and families on social function changes that may occur at early stages of cognitive loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Function and Cognitive Status: Results from a US Nationally Representative Survey of Older Adults

et al. 2016

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BACKGROUND: An early sign of cognitive decline in older adults is often a disruption in social function, but our understanding of this association is limited. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine whether those screening positive for early stages of cognitive impairment have differences across multiple dimensions of social function and whether associations differ by gender. DESIGN: United States nationally representative cohort (2010), the National Social life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling adults aged 62-90 years (N = 3,310) with a response rate of 76.9 %. MAIN MEASURES: Cognition was measured using a survey adaptation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment categorized into three groups: normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. We measured three domains of social relationships, each comprised of two scales: network structure (size and density), social resources (social support and social strain), and social engagement (community involvement and socializing). We used multiple linear regression to characterize the relationship of each social relationship measure to cognition. KEY RESULTS: Individuals screened as at risk for MCI and early dementia had smaller network sizes by 0.3 and 0.6 individuals (p < 0.001), and a 10 % and 25 % increase in network density (p < 0.001), respectively. For social resources, individuals at risk for MCI and dementia had 4 % and 14 % less social strain (p = 0.01), but only women had 3 % and 6 % less perceived social support (p = 0.013), respectively. For social engagement, individuals screened positive for MCI and dementia had 8 % and 19 % less community involvement (p = 0.01), but only men had 8 % and 13 % increased social involvement with neighbors and family members (p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: Changes in social functioning provide an early indication to screen for cognitive loss. Recognition that early cognitive loss is associated with differences in social function can guide counseling efforts and help identify social vulnerabilities to ease the transition to overt dementia for both patients and caregivers.

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“…Physical and economic health probably mitigates the stress of caregiving. 15 The level of Qol in the families of children with severe clinical conditions may be moderated by a complex matrix of environmental and clinically based variables, such as socioeconomic status, social support, and parental and child characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden and quality of life among caregivers of children and adolescents with meningomyelocele: measuring the relationship to anxiety and depression

et al. 2012

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Objectives: This study aimed to assess the burden and quality of life (Qol) of primary caregivers of children/adolescents with meningomyelocele, taking into account the relationship to anxiety and depression symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional approach was taken to analyze the health-related Qol and burden using the Short Form-36 Survey (SF-36) and the Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS), respectively. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were investigated using the Beck Inventories. The Heckman two-step method was used to deal with the selection bias problem. Results: A total of 43 primary caregivers were enrolled in the study. Most of the caregivers were mothers with preliminary education, living in consensual union. Lower scores in general health and vitality were reported in the SF-36. The mean global CBS score was 2.2. Majority of the volunteers (55.8%) were considered non-depressive. There were both positive and negative correlations between the scores of both Beck Inventories and most dimensions of the CBS and SF-36. The Heckman method showed a higher burden among caregivers who had children with fecal incontinence, were living together with a partner, were unemployed and had lower income (Po0.05). Conclusion: The primary caregivers of children and adolescents with myelomeningocele reported burden and a lower Qol. There were more anxiety and depression symptoms in subjects with higher burden and impaired Qol. Caregivers had a higher burden if they were living together with a partner, were unemployed, had low income and had care recipients with fecal incontinence.

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Patient and caregiver characteristics associated with depression in caregivers of patients with dementia

Abstract: Caregiver depression is a complex process, influenced by ethnicity as well as diverse patient and caregiver characteristics. Efforts to identify and treat caregiver depression will need to be multidisciplinary and focus on multiple risk factors simultaneously.

Cited by 477 publications

References 49 publications

The relation between care giving and the mental health of caregivers of demented relatives: A cross-sectional study

The relation between care giving and the mental health of caregivers of demented relatives: A cross-sectional study

Social Function and Cognitive Status: Results from a US Nationally Representative Survey of Older Adults

Burden and quality of life among caregivers of children and adolescents with meningomyelocele: measuring the relationship to anxiety and depression

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